726
M. Raiford
References
1. SmithBucklin Statistics Group (2017) BCI National recycling rate study. Battery Council International. https://cdn.ymaws.com/batterycouncil.org/resource/resmgr/Recycling_Rate/
BCI_201212-17_FinalRecycling. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
2. International Lead Association (2013) Lead recycling: as good as new. International Lead
Association. https://www.ila-lead.org/UserFiles/File/FS_Recycling.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
3. Environmental Protection Agency (2018) Greenhouse gas emissions from a typical passenger
vehicle. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100U8YT.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
4. Hedges & Company (2019) U.S. vehicle registration statistics. https://hedgescompany.com/
automotive-market-research-statistics/auto-mailing-lists-and-marketing/. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
5. Environmental Protection Agency (2018) The 2018 EPA automotive trends report: greenhouse
gas emissions, fuel economy, and technology since 1975. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.
cgi?Dockey=P100W3WO.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
6. Sugumaran N, Everill P, Swogger SW, Dubey DP (2015) Lead acid battery performance and
cycle life increased through addition of discrete carbon nanotubes to both electrodes. J Power
Sour 279:281–293
7. Boden DP, Loosemore DV, Spence MA, Wojcinski TD (2010) Optimization studies of carbon
additives to negative active material for the purpose of extending the life of VRLA batteries in
high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation. J Power Sour 195(14):4470–4493
8. Pavlov D, Nikolov P (2013) Capacitive carbon and electrochemical lead electrode systems at
the negative plates of lead-acid batteries and elementary processes on cycling. J Power Sour
242:380–399
9. Fernández M, Valenciano J, Trinidad F, Muñoz N (2010) The use of activated carbon and
graphite for the development of lead-acid batteries for hybrid vehicle applications. J. Power
Sour 195(14):4458–4469
10. Bullock KR (2010) Carbon reactions and effects on valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery
cycle life in high-rate, partial state-of-charge cycling. J Power Sour 195(14):4513–4519
11. Pavlov D, Nikolov P, Rogachev T (2010) Influence of expander components on the processes at
the negative plates of lead-acid cells on high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycling. Part I: Effect
of lignosulfonates and BaSO 4 on the processes of charge and discharge of negative plates. J
Power Sour 195(14):4435–4443
12. Pavlov D, Nikolov P (2012) Lead-carbon electrode with inhibitor of sulfation for lead-acid
batteries operating in the HRPSoC duty. J Electrochem Soc 159(8):A1215–A1225
13. Naresh V, Elias L, Gaffoor SA, Martha SK (2019) Corrosion resistant polypyrrole coated
lead-alloy positive grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. J Electrochem Soc 166(2):A74–A81
14. Foudia M, Matrakova M, Zerroual L (2015) Effect of a mineral additive on the electrical
performances of the positive plate of lead acid battery. J Power Sour 279:146–150
15. Lam LT, Louey R, Haigh NP, Lim OV, Vella DG, Phyland CG, Vu LH, Furukawa J, Takada T,
Monma D, Kano T (2007) VRLA Ultrabattery for high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation.
J Power Sour 174(1):16–29
16. Moseley PT, Prengaman RD (2002) In pursuit of high specific energy, high specific power
valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. J Power Sour 107(2):240–244
17. May GJ, Raiford MT, Davidson AJ (2019) An innovation roadmap for advanced lead batteries.
Consortium for Battery Innovation. https://batteryinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/
CBIRoadmap_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
18. Garche J, Karden E, Moseley PT, Rand DAJ (2017) Lead-acid batteries for future automobiles.
Elsevier, Amsterdam
19. Karden E, Nagata Y (2019) Future of micro-hybrid automotive applications from an OEM
perspective. Paper presented at the BCI Convention 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana, 26–28th
Apr 2019
20. Prengaman RD (2000) Alloy for thin positive grid for lead acid batteries and method for
manufacture of grid. US patent 6649306, 26 Dec 2000
M. Raiford
References
1. SmithBucklin Statistics Group (2017) BCI National recycling rate study. Battery Council International. https://cdn.ymaws.com/batterycouncil.org/resource/resmgr/Recycling_Rate/
BCI_201212-17_FinalRecycling. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
2. International Lead Association (2013) Lead recycling: as good as new. International Lead
Association. https://www.ila-lead.org/UserFiles/File/FS_Recycling.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
3. Environmental Protection Agency (2018) Greenhouse gas emissions from a typical passenger
vehicle. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100U8YT.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
4. Hedges & Company (2019) U.S. vehicle registration statistics. https://hedgescompany.com/
automotive-market-research-statistics/auto-mailing-lists-and-marketing/. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
5. Environmental Protection Agency (2018) The 2018 EPA automotive trends report: greenhouse
gas emissions, fuel economy, and technology since 1975. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.
cgi?Dockey=P100W3WO.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
6. Sugumaran N, Everill P, Swogger SW, Dubey DP (2015) Lead acid battery performance and
cycle life increased through addition of discrete carbon nanotubes to both electrodes. J Power
Sour 279:281–293
7. Boden DP, Loosemore DV, Spence MA, Wojcinski TD (2010) Optimization studies of carbon
additives to negative active material for the purpose of extending the life of VRLA batteries in
high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation. J Power Sour 195(14):4470–4493
8. Pavlov D, Nikolov P (2013) Capacitive carbon and electrochemical lead electrode systems at
the negative plates of lead-acid batteries and elementary processes on cycling. J Power Sour
242:380–399
9. Fernández M, Valenciano J, Trinidad F, Muñoz N (2010) The use of activated carbon and
graphite for the development of lead-acid batteries for hybrid vehicle applications. J. Power
Sour 195(14):4458–4469
10. Bullock KR (2010) Carbon reactions and effects on valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery
cycle life in high-rate, partial state-of-charge cycling. J Power Sour 195(14):4513–4519
11. Pavlov D, Nikolov P, Rogachev T (2010) Influence of expander components on the processes at
the negative plates of lead-acid cells on high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycling. Part I: Effect
of lignosulfonates and BaSO 4 on the processes of charge and discharge of negative plates. J
Power Sour 195(14):4435–4443
12. Pavlov D, Nikolov P (2012) Lead-carbon electrode with inhibitor of sulfation for lead-acid
batteries operating in the HRPSoC duty. J Electrochem Soc 159(8):A1215–A1225
13. Naresh V, Elias L, Gaffoor SA, Martha SK (2019) Corrosion resistant polypyrrole coated
lead-alloy positive grids for advanced lead-acid batteries. J Electrochem Soc 166(2):A74–A81
14. Foudia M, Matrakova M, Zerroual L (2015) Effect of a mineral additive on the electrical
performances of the positive plate of lead acid battery. J Power Sour 279:146–150
15. Lam LT, Louey R, Haigh NP, Lim OV, Vella DG, Phyland CG, Vu LH, Furukawa J, Takada T,
Monma D, Kano T (2007) VRLA Ultrabattery for high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation.
J Power Sour 174(1):16–29
16. Moseley PT, Prengaman RD (2002) In pursuit of high specific energy, high specific power
valve-regulated lead-acid batteries. J Power Sour 107(2):240–244
17. May GJ, Raiford MT, Davidson AJ (2019) An innovation roadmap for advanced lead batteries.
Consortium for Battery Innovation. https://batteryinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/
CBIRoadmap_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
18. Garche J, Karden E, Moseley PT, Rand DAJ (2017) Lead-acid batteries for future automobiles.
Elsevier, Amsterdam
19. Karden E, Nagata Y (2019) Future of micro-hybrid automotive applications from an OEM
perspective. Paper presented at the BCI Convention 2019, New Orleans, Louisiana, 26–28th
Apr 2019
20. Prengaman RD (2000) Alloy for thin positive grid for lead acid batteries and method for
manufacture of grid. US patent 6649306, 26 Dec 2000