Numerical Simulation of Gas-Particle Two-Phase …
473
Table 3 Temperature validation
Measurement point
Measurement
temperature/°C
Simulation results/°C
Relative error/%
Shaft
1380
1445
4.5
Flue gas outlet
1301
1356
4.1
where Y p is the mass fraction of any product species, M w,i is the mass fraction of a
particular reactant, A is an empirical constant equal to 4.0, and B is an empirical
constant equal to 0.5 [2].
Boundary Conditions
The geometry is built base on the smelting shaft of the flash smelting furnace.
(1) Inlet boundary condition
There are four nozzles in the top of the furnace, as it is shown in Fig. 2. There are
two types of the inlet condition: velocity inlet for the gas phase and surface injection
for the lead concentrate particles. The total charging rate is 48.45 t/h. The oxygen
flow rate is 584 m
3 h
−1 .
(2) Outlet boundary condition
The uptake shaft is connected with the heat boiler. The pressure outlet is used and
the pressure is −50 Pa.
Model Validation
In the smelting process, the temperature was measured by using the thermal couple.
The temperature within the smelting shaft and the temperature of the flue gas outlet
were measured in the smelting process. The measurement data were compared with
the baseline case simulation results, and the relative error is within 5% (Table 3).
Results
Velocity Field
Figure 4 shows the flow field distribution on the Y 1 section. It can be seen that
the high-speed air blows into the reaction tower strongly impact with the molten
473
Table 3 Temperature validation
Measurement point
Measurement
temperature/°C
Simulation results/°C
Relative error/%
Shaft
1380
1445
4.5
Flue gas outlet
1301
1356
4.1
where Y p is the mass fraction of any product species, M w,i is the mass fraction of a
particular reactant, A is an empirical constant equal to 4.0, and B is an empirical
constant equal to 0.5 [2].
Boundary Conditions
The geometry is built base on the smelting shaft of the flash smelting furnace.
(1) Inlet boundary condition
There are four nozzles in the top of the furnace, as it is shown in Fig. 2. There are
two types of the inlet condition: velocity inlet for the gas phase and surface injection
for the lead concentrate particles. The total charging rate is 48.45 t/h. The oxygen
flow rate is 584 m
3 h
−1 .
(2) Outlet boundary condition
The uptake shaft is connected with the heat boiler. The pressure outlet is used and
the pressure is −50 Pa.
Model Validation
In the smelting process, the temperature was measured by using the thermal couple.
The temperature within the smelting shaft and the temperature of the flue gas outlet
were measured in the smelting process. The measurement data were compared with
the baseline case simulation results, and the relative error is within 5% (Table 3).
Results
Velocity Field
Figure 4 shows the flow field distribution on the Y 1 section. It can be seen that
the high-speed air blows into the reaction tower strongly impact with the molten