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report [online]. Available http://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/metal-recycling. Accessed 26
July 2018
9. Reuter MA, van Schaik A, Gediga J (2015) Simulation-based design for resource efficiency
of metal production and recycling systems: cases—copper production and recycling, e-waste
(LED lamps) and nickel pig iron. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(5):671–693
10. Reuter MA, (2016) Digitalizing the circular economy: circular economy engineering defined
by the metallurgical internet of things. Metall Mater Trans B Process Metall Mater Process Sci
47(6):3194–3220
11. Outotec (2019) HSC chemistry 9 [online]. Available https://www.outotec.com/. Accessed 28
Feb 2019
12. van Schaik A, Reuter MA (2016) Recycling indices visualizing the performance of the circular
economy. World Metall ERZMETALL 69(4):201–216
13. Castro MBG, Remmerswaal JAM, Brezet JC, Reuter MA (2007) Exergy losses during recycling
and the resource efficiency of product systems. Resour Conserv Recycl 52(2):219–233
14. Ignatenko O, van Schaik A, Reuter MA (2007) Exergy as a tool for evaluation of the resource
efficiency of recycling systems. Miner Eng 20(9):862–874 (Spec. ISS.)
15. Ayres RU, Ayres LW, Masini A (2006) An application of exergy accounting to five basic metal
industries. In: Sustainable metals management: securing our future—steps towards a closed
loop economy. Springer, pp 141–194
16. Thinkstep (2019) GaBi LCA software [online]. Available https://www.thinkstep.com/.
Accessed 28 Feb 2019
17. Purvis B, Mao Y, Robinson D (2019) Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual
origins. Sustain Sci 14(3):681–695
18. United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
Working paper no. A/RES/70/1 [online]. Available https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.
pdf. Accessed 15 Jul 2019
19. European Union (2018) Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the council
of 30 May 2018 amending directive 2008/98/EC on waste. Official journal of the European
union [online]. Available https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:
32018L0851&from=EN. Accessed 16 Jun 2019
A. Abadías Llamas et al.
8. Reuter MA, Hudson C, van Schaik A, Heiskanen K, Meskers C, Hagelüken C (2013) Metal recycling: opportunities, limits, infrastructure. United nations environmental protection (UNEP)
report [online]. Available http://www.resourcepanel.org/reports/metal-recycling. Accessed 26
July 2018
9. Reuter MA, van Schaik A, Gediga J (2015) Simulation-based design for resource efficiency
of metal production and recycling systems: cases—copper production and recycling, e-waste
(LED lamps) and nickel pig iron. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(5):671–693
10. Reuter MA, (2016) Digitalizing the circular economy: circular economy engineering defined
by the metallurgical internet of things. Metall Mater Trans B Process Metall Mater Process Sci
47(6):3194–3220
11. Outotec (2019) HSC chemistry 9 [online]. Available https://www.outotec.com/. Accessed 28
Feb 2019
12. van Schaik A, Reuter MA (2016) Recycling indices visualizing the performance of the circular
economy. World Metall ERZMETALL 69(4):201–216
13. Castro MBG, Remmerswaal JAM, Brezet JC, Reuter MA (2007) Exergy losses during recycling
and the resource efficiency of product systems. Resour Conserv Recycl 52(2):219–233
14. Ignatenko O, van Schaik A, Reuter MA (2007) Exergy as a tool for evaluation of the resource
efficiency of recycling systems. Miner Eng 20(9):862–874 (Spec. ISS.)
15. Ayres RU, Ayres LW, Masini A (2006) An application of exergy accounting to five basic metal
industries. In: Sustainable metals management: securing our future—steps towards a closed
loop economy. Springer, pp 141–194
16. Thinkstep (2019) GaBi LCA software [online]. Available https://www.thinkstep.com/.
Accessed 28 Feb 2019
17. Purvis B, Mao Y, Robinson D (2019) Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual
origins. Sustain Sci 14(3):681–695
18. United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
Working paper no. A/RES/70/1 [online]. Available https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/
content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.
pdf. Accessed 15 Jul 2019
19. European Union (2018) Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the council
of 30 May 2018 amending directive 2008/98/EC on waste. Official journal of the European
union [online]. Available https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:
32018L0851&from=EN. Accessed 16 Jun 2019