xxii
PbZn 2020: 9th International Symposium …
around 50% of the global total of refined lead production in 1990, but that this share
has now risen to just over 75%. This represents an increase from around 3Mt in
1990 to 10Mt in 2018. At the same time, global lead mine production has grown
from 3.2Mt (lead in lead and bulk concentrates) to only 3.4Mt in 2018. This paper
will trace the development of secondary lead production over the past 30 years
highlighting regulatory changes and the shift in regional patterns of output. More
particular focus will be on the changes in China over the past 15 years and, more
recently, elsewhere in Asia. Reasons for under-reporting of recycled lead production will be examined. International trade in lead–acid battery scrap and other
lead-bearing secondary materials will be addressed and consideration given to the
environmental concerns and about such trade. CHR Metals’ outlook for lead mine
and refined lead production to 2030 will be presented.
A Review of Zinc Smelting and Refining in North and South America
Stephen James, Nyrstar
A review of processing of primary and secondary zinc sources in the Americas has
been compiled in conjunction with the PbZn 2020 Symposium. This review
includes a listing of active processing facilities by location in the Western
Hemisphere. Descriptions of key technologies used in these facilities are presented.
The review considers trends and changes that have occurred since the PbZn 2010
Symposium. A discussion of likely changes in the medium-term future is also
included. This paper follows the examples set by previous authors since 1970 and
should serve as a reference for readers interested in the zinc-processing industry.
Lead and Zinc Current Challenges and Opportunities
Our Common Future in Metallurgy
Maurits Van Camp, Umicore
The world is fast transitioning to a sustainable way of living and working to
overcome the current societal challenges. This common future is articulated by the
UN Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs will pull the metallurgical industry
forward, making it an integral participant in the common future. Lead–zinc primary
extraction continues to be a key source of technology metals, and lead–zinc metallurgy is enabling the circular economy of a wide range of metals and products.
Both mining and metallurgy are essential in realizing the SDGs, although challenges lie ahead. First, the license to operate mines and plants and the license to sell
products is provided by society at large. Society will only do so if it considers the
lead–zinc industry part of the common future. Second, an industry-wide transition
to the innovation economy implies a shared vision on education, research, technology and innovation that includes Industry 4.0 concepts, methods and tools.
Material Stewardship for Zinc
Sabina Grund, International Zinc Association (IZA)
The metals industry is faced with global challenges, among these finding a balance
between environmental stewardship, economic development, and social
PbZn 2020: 9th International Symposium …
around 50% of the global total of refined lead production in 1990, but that this share
has now risen to just over 75%. This represents an increase from around 3Mt in
1990 to 10Mt in 2018. At the same time, global lead mine production has grown
from 3.2Mt (lead in lead and bulk concentrates) to only 3.4Mt in 2018. This paper
will trace the development of secondary lead production over the past 30 years
highlighting regulatory changes and the shift in regional patterns of output. More
particular focus will be on the changes in China over the past 15 years and, more
recently, elsewhere in Asia. Reasons for under-reporting of recycled lead production will be examined. International trade in lead–acid battery scrap and other
lead-bearing secondary materials will be addressed and consideration given to the
environmental concerns and about such trade. CHR Metals’ outlook for lead mine
and refined lead production to 2030 will be presented.
A Review of Zinc Smelting and Refining in North and South America
Stephen James, Nyrstar
A review of processing of primary and secondary zinc sources in the Americas has
been compiled in conjunction with the PbZn 2020 Symposium. This review
includes a listing of active processing facilities by location in the Western
Hemisphere. Descriptions of key technologies used in these facilities are presented.
The review considers trends and changes that have occurred since the PbZn 2010
Symposium. A discussion of likely changes in the medium-term future is also
included. This paper follows the examples set by previous authors since 1970 and
should serve as a reference for readers interested in the zinc-processing industry.
Lead and Zinc Current Challenges and Opportunities
Our Common Future in Metallurgy
Maurits Van Camp, Umicore
The world is fast transitioning to a sustainable way of living and working to
overcome the current societal challenges. This common future is articulated by the
UN Sustainable Development Goals. SDGs will pull the metallurgical industry
forward, making it an integral participant in the common future. Lead–zinc primary
extraction continues to be a key source of technology metals, and lead–zinc metallurgy is enabling the circular economy of a wide range of metals and products.
Both mining and metallurgy are essential in realizing the SDGs, although challenges lie ahead. First, the license to operate mines and plants and the license to sell
products is provided by society at large. Society will only do so if it considers the
lead–zinc industry part of the common future. Second, an industry-wide transition
to the innovation economy implies a shared vision on education, research, technology and innovation that includes Industry 4.0 concepts, methods and tools.
Material Stewardship for Zinc
Sabina Grund, International Zinc Association (IZA)
The metals industry is faced with global challenges, among these finding a balance
between environmental stewardship, economic development, and social