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Fig. 1 Approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles
is considered as cost-effective and novel method in biomaterial science. The synthesis
of nanoparticles from biogenic methods is now most commonly used for medical,
agriculture, and environmental purposes. A symmetric representation of different
methods used for the manufacturing of these nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 2.
Biogenic synthesis includes the use of naturally present microorganism for the
synthesis of nanoparticles. Microorganisms and pathogen cells are interacting with
metals and form nanoparticles. The most commonly used microorganisms are fungi
bacteria and algae. Except bacteria and fungi, on the other hand, plants are also
used for the synthesis of nanoparticles in the past few years. Several parts of plants
have also been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as leaves, stems, shoots
roots, flowers, and barks. In the biological method, the yield of nanoparticles is very
high as compared to other conventional methods of synthesis and they do not cause
any environmental problems. These biogenic nanoparticles are non-toxic in nature,
biodegradable, and environment-friendly. The synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles is
shown in Fig. 3.