534
M. Singh et al.
Table 1 Properties of plasma generated by different atmospheric pressure plasma setups (Nehra
2008; Nema and Jhala 2015)
Parameters
Corona
discharge
APPJ
APGD
DBD
Type of
electrode
Sharp pointed
electrode
Two small,
concentric
electrodes
Capacitively
coupled parallel
plate electrodes
Parallel plates
covered with
dielectric
material
Power supply
Pulsed DC
RF with low
power in the
range of
100–150 V
RF in MHZ
range with a low
voltage around
200 V
RF to
microwave, AC
power up to
20 kV
Breakdown
voltage (kV)
10–50
0.05–0.2
0.2–0.8
5–25
Plasma density
(cm −3 )
10 9 –10 13
10 11 –10 12
10 5 –10 13
10 12 –10 15
Temperature (K) Room
300–600
400
Average gas
temp (300)
Gas
Air
Helium, Neon,
Argon or other
noble gas
Helium
Air or noble
gases or a
mixture of gases
the electrode. If the curved electrode is connected to the positive terminal of power
supply, it is a positive corona, and if it is connected to the negative terminal of power
supply, it is negative corona. Corona treatment has several commercial applications
like water purification, photocopying machine, printers and powder coating; however, their weak and inhomogeneous nature and restricted area of application have
limited their application in textile processing (Mather 2009; Nehra 2008; Nema and
Jhala 2015).
2.3.2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is a small, torch-like, non-thermal plasma
producing device which operates on radiofrequency (RF) power. It consists of a twoelectrode setup where the outer cylindrical electrode is grounded, and the inner central
electrode is pointed like a jet. These electrodes are supplied with a mixture of gas
consisting of helium, oxygen, argon or other noble gases. On applying RF power, the
plasma discharge is ignited feeding continuously on a mixture of gases and produces
a high-velocity stream of chemically reactive species which on passing through the
central electrode exits through its nozzle. The key features of APPJ are that it produces
stable and homogenous discharge and operates without any dielectric cover on the
electrodes. APPJ technology is used in a large number of applications like sterilisation
of surgical and dental equipment, etching of metals and polymers, deposition of SiO 2
M. Singh et al.
Table 1 Properties of plasma generated by different atmospheric pressure plasma setups (Nehra
2008; Nema and Jhala 2015)
Parameters
Corona
discharge
APPJ
APGD
DBD
Type of
electrode
Sharp pointed
electrode
Two small,
concentric
electrodes
Capacitively
coupled parallel
plate electrodes
Parallel plates
covered with
dielectric
material
Power supply
Pulsed DC
RF with low
power in the
range of
100–150 V
RF in MHZ
range with a low
voltage around
200 V
RF to
microwave, AC
power up to
20 kV
Breakdown
voltage (kV)
10–50
0.05–0.2
0.2–0.8
5–25
Plasma density
(cm −3 )
10 9 –10 13
10 11 –10 12
10 5 –10 13
10 12 –10 15
Temperature (K) Room
300–600
400
Average gas
temp (300)
Gas
Air
Helium, Neon,
Argon or other
noble gas
Helium
Air or noble
gases or a
mixture of gases
the electrode. If the curved electrode is connected to the positive terminal of power
supply, it is a positive corona, and if it is connected to the negative terminal of power
supply, it is negative corona. Corona treatment has several commercial applications
like water purification, photocopying machine, printers and powder coating; however, their weak and inhomogeneous nature and restricted area of application have
limited their application in textile processing (Mather 2009; Nehra 2008; Nema and
Jhala 2015).
2.3.2 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is a small, torch-like, non-thermal plasma
producing device which operates on radiofrequency (RF) power. It consists of a twoelectrode setup where the outer cylindrical electrode is grounded, and the inner central
electrode is pointed like a jet. These electrodes are supplied with a mixture of gas
consisting of helium, oxygen, argon or other noble gases. On applying RF power, the
plasma discharge is ignited feeding continuously on a mixture of gases and produces
a high-velocity stream of chemically reactive species which on passing through the
central electrode exits through its nozzle. The key features of APPJ are that it produces
stable and homogenous discharge and operates without any dielectric cover on the
electrodes. APPJ technology is used in a large number of applications like sterilisation
of surgical and dental equipment, etching of metals and polymers, deposition of SiO 2