Designing Novel Photocatalysts for Disinfection of Multidrug-Resistant …
469
iron oxide NCs are gaining much attention due to their robust properties relative to
biocompatibility, catalytic efficiency, stability, post-reaction separability. One such
catalyst based on clay has been successfully used in PCD of Enterobacter sp. by our
group. The clay-based photocatalyst was found to have much better biocompatibility and possess no ecotoxic effects when threats of animal cytotoxicity and aquatic
toxicity are concerned.
The proposed technology can be one of the cost-effective and technically robust
methods to control enteric microbial pathogens including MDRs. This might prevent the nation from outbreaks of cholera and other diarrheagenic diseases and serve
beneficial for improving the quality of life in both urban and economically backward rural areas. Moreover the proposed technology can be easily translated for
on-field application in the form of a device with proper validation using real hospital and municipal wastewater system for complete disinfection of MDRs and other
waterborne bacteria. The proposed technology can equally contribute toward generation of potable water for consumption which finally leads to the overall national
development (Chong et al. 2010).
References
Adhikari S, Banerjee A, Eswar NK, Sarkar D, Madras G (2015) Photocatalytic inactivation of E.
coli by ZnO–Ag nanoparticles under solar radiation. RSC Adv 5(63):51067–51077
Agus E, Voutchkov N, Sedlak DL (2009) Disinfection by-products and their potential impact on
the quality of water produced by desalination systems: a literature review. Desalination 237(1–
3):214–237
Akhavan O, Azimirad R (2009) Photocatalytic property of Fe 2 O 3 nanograin chains coated by TiO 2
nanolayer in visible light irradiation. Appl Catal A 369(1–2):77–82
Akhavan O, Ghaderi E (2012) Escherichia coli bacteria reduce graphene oxide to bactericidal
graphene in a self-limiting manner. Carbon 50(5):1853–1860
Alfaro-Moreno E, Nawrot TS, Nemmar A, Nemery B (2007) Particulate matter in the environment:
pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. Curr Opin Pulm Med 13(2):98–106
Aramendía M, Borau V, Colmenares J, Marinas A, Marinas J, Navío J, Urbano F (2008) Modification
of the photocatalytic activity of Pd/TiO2 and Zn/TiO2 systems through different oxidative and
reductive calcination treatments. Appl Catal B 80(1–2):88–97
Artale MA, Augugliaro V, Drioli E, Golemme G, Grande C, Loddo V, Molinari R, Palmisano L,
Schiavello M (2001) Preparation and characterisation of membranes with entrapped TiO 2 and
preliminary photocatalytic tests. Annali di chimica 91(3–4):127–136
Ashbolt NJ (2004) Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing
regions. Toxicology 198(1–3):229–238
Bandara J, Pulgarin C, Peringer P, Kiwi J (1997) Chemical (photo-activated) coupled biological homogeneous degradation of p-nitro-o-toluene-sulfonic acid in a flow reactor. J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 111(1–3):253–263
Barancheshme F, Munir M (2018) Strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in the wastewater
treatment plants. Front Microbiol 8:2603
Batley GE, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ (2012) Fate and risks of nanomaterials in aquatic and
terrestrial environments. Acc Chem Res 46(3):854–862
Bergaya F, Lagaly G (2006) General introduction: clays, clay minerals, and clay science. Dev Clay
Sci 1:1–18
469
iron oxide NCs are gaining much attention due to their robust properties relative to
biocompatibility, catalytic efficiency, stability, post-reaction separability. One such
catalyst based on clay has been successfully used in PCD of Enterobacter sp. by our
group. The clay-based photocatalyst was found to have much better biocompatibility and possess no ecotoxic effects when threats of animal cytotoxicity and aquatic
toxicity are concerned.
The proposed technology can be one of the cost-effective and technically robust
methods to control enteric microbial pathogens including MDRs. This might prevent the nation from outbreaks of cholera and other diarrheagenic diseases and serve
beneficial for improving the quality of life in both urban and economically backward rural areas. Moreover the proposed technology can be easily translated for
on-field application in the form of a device with proper validation using real hospital and municipal wastewater system for complete disinfection of MDRs and other
waterborne bacteria. The proposed technology can equally contribute toward generation of potable water for consumption which finally leads to the overall national
development (Chong et al. 2010).
References
Adhikari S, Banerjee A, Eswar NK, Sarkar D, Madras G (2015) Photocatalytic inactivation of E.
coli by ZnO–Ag nanoparticles under solar radiation. RSC Adv 5(63):51067–51077
Agus E, Voutchkov N, Sedlak DL (2009) Disinfection by-products and their potential impact on
the quality of water produced by desalination systems: a literature review. Desalination 237(1–
3):214–237
Akhavan O, Azimirad R (2009) Photocatalytic property of Fe 2 O 3 nanograin chains coated by TiO 2
nanolayer in visible light irradiation. Appl Catal A 369(1–2):77–82
Akhavan O, Ghaderi E (2012) Escherichia coli bacteria reduce graphene oxide to bactericidal
graphene in a self-limiting manner. Carbon 50(5):1853–1860
Alfaro-Moreno E, Nawrot TS, Nemmar A, Nemery B (2007) Particulate matter in the environment:
pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. Curr Opin Pulm Med 13(2):98–106
Aramendía M, Borau V, Colmenares J, Marinas A, Marinas J, Navío J, Urbano F (2008) Modification
of the photocatalytic activity of Pd/TiO2 and Zn/TiO2 systems through different oxidative and
reductive calcination treatments. Appl Catal B 80(1–2):88–97
Artale MA, Augugliaro V, Drioli E, Golemme G, Grande C, Loddo V, Molinari R, Palmisano L,
Schiavello M (2001) Preparation and characterisation of membranes with entrapped TiO 2 and
preliminary photocatalytic tests. Annali di chimica 91(3–4):127–136
Ashbolt NJ (2004) Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing
regions. Toxicology 198(1–3):229–238
Bandara J, Pulgarin C, Peringer P, Kiwi J (1997) Chemical (photo-activated) coupled biological homogeneous degradation of p-nitro-o-toluene-sulfonic acid in a flow reactor. J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 111(1–3):253–263
Barancheshme F, Munir M (2018) Strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in the wastewater
treatment plants. Front Microbiol 8:2603
Batley GE, Kirby JK, McLaughlin MJ (2012) Fate and risks of nanomaterials in aquatic and
terrestrial environments. Acc Chem Res 46(3):854–862
Bergaya F, Lagaly G (2006) General introduction: clays, clay minerals, and clay science. Dev Clay
Sci 1:1–18