Application of Nanotechnology
in Diagnosis and Therapeutics
R. Mankamna Kumari, Ritu Goswami and Surendra Nimesh
Abstract The rapid advances in nanotechnology have paved way toward a sustainable path by providing innovative solutions with the issues related to ecosystem as
well as human health. In terms of human healthcare and therapy, nanoparticles are
expected to contribute to drug delivery and regenerative medicine with its ability to
target the source of disease with increased efficiency and minimal side effects. Thus
by miniaturizing the drug delivery systems, treatment of several diseases can be made
possible. Nanomedicine offers several advantages, such as protection of the payload
from degradation in both in vitro and in vivo milieu, facilitation of controlled release
of entrapped drugs, prolonged therapeutic effect, and enhancement of targeted delivery along with diminished side effects. Nanotechnology has proved to address some
of the problems related to diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomedical aspects. Accordingly, this chapter mainly emphasizes on the evolution of nanoparticles to meet the
challenges relevant to healthcare system.
Keywords Polymeric nanoparticles · Inorganic nanoparticles · Therapeutics and
diagnostics
1 Introduction
In the last few decades, nanotechnology has gained vast attention owing to its unique
and beneficial properties. Nanoparticles (NPs) are colloidal particles within the range
of 10–100 nm, with preferential size range of 200 nm for nanomedical applications
(Biswas et al. 2014). With the increasing complexity in the treatment of serious
ailments, there has been a tremendous advancement to address incurable diseases.
However, most of the medications developed so far come with severe side effects that
can outweigh the benefits of the drug (Liebler and Guengerich 2005). By applying
nanotechnology, efficient drug delivery systems could be developed. Efficiency of
nano-drug delivery systems largely depends on the size and charge of the particles.
R. Mankamna Kumari · R. Goswami · S. Nimesh (B)
Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer
305817, Rajasthan, India
e-mail: surendranimesh@curaj.ac.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_18
413
in Diagnosis and Therapeutics
R. Mankamna Kumari, Ritu Goswami and Surendra Nimesh
Abstract The rapid advances in nanotechnology have paved way toward a sustainable path by providing innovative solutions with the issues related to ecosystem as
well as human health. In terms of human healthcare and therapy, nanoparticles are
expected to contribute to drug delivery and regenerative medicine with its ability to
target the source of disease with increased efficiency and minimal side effects. Thus
by miniaturizing the drug delivery systems, treatment of several diseases can be made
possible. Nanomedicine offers several advantages, such as protection of the payload
from degradation in both in vitro and in vivo milieu, facilitation of controlled release
of entrapped drugs, prolonged therapeutic effect, and enhancement of targeted delivery along with diminished side effects. Nanotechnology has proved to address some
of the problems related to diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomedical aspects. Accordingly, this chapter mainly emphasizes on the evolution of nanoparticles to meet the
challenges relevant to healthcare system.
Keywords Polymeric nanoparticles · Inorganic nanoparticles · Therapeutics and
diagnostics
1 Introduction
In the last few decades, nanotechnology has gained vast attention owing to its unique
and beneficial properties. Nanoparticles (NPs) are colloidal particles within the range
of 10–100 nm, with preferential size range of 200 nm for nanomedical applications
(Biswas et al. 2014). With the increasing complexity in the treatment of serious
ailments, there has been a tremendous advancement to address incurable diseases.
However, most of the medications developed so far come with severe side effects that
can outweigh the benefits of the drug (Liebler and Guengerich 2005). By applying
nanotechnology, efficient drug delivery systems could be developed. Efficiency of
nano-drug delivery systems largely depends on the size and charge of the particles.
R. Mankamna Kumari · R. Goswami · S. Nimesh (B)
Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer
305817, Rajasthan, India
e-mail: surendranimesh@curaj.ac.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_18
413