Optimization of MAPbI 3 Film Using Response …
403
Fig. 8 XRD spectra of prepared MAPbI 3 films at different spin speeds
2000 rpm was marginally more among each of the three devices (see Table 1 and
Fig. 4, D 1 , D 6 –D 7 ). Thus, 2000 rpm spin speed was considered as the optimum.
In this manner, the optimum condition utilizing parametric investigation was seen
as an arrangement of forerunner proportion (1:3), substrate temperature (100 °C),
and spin speed (2000 rpm).
3.2 Optimization of MAPbI 3 Using the Response Surface
Methodology
3.2.1 Experimental Design
The experimental design was developed using three-level three-factor BBD model
by RSM techniques to see the impact of the deposition process on the PCE of the
device. The PCE of PSC achieved by (at 1:1 ratio of PbI 2 and MAI) was not high
(Kumari et al. 2019). So a higher ratio (1:2–1:4); was considered in this study.
PSCs made at spin speed below 2000 rpm has not given good results so, higher
speed (2000–3000 rpm) is considered in this study. PbI 2 to MAI ratio, spin speed
and the annealing temperature have been considered as free factors. The annealing
temperature was changed from 60 to 100 °C.
The autonomous parameters and their levels of the BBD are appeared in Table 3.
The predicted responses were computed by the technique detailed in our past examination (Kumari et al. 2019) and the formed BBD is illustrated in Table 4. To see the
significance of models, ANOVA and f-test were performed by the technique made
403
Fig. 8 XRD spectra of prepared MAPbI 3 films at different spin speeds
2000 rpm was marginally more among each of the three devices (see Table 1 and
Fig. 4, D 1 , D 6 –D 7 ). Thus, 2000 rpm spin speed was considered as the optimum.
In this manner, the optimum condition utilizing parametric investigation was seen
as an arrangement of forerunner proportion (1:3), substrate temperature (100 °C),
and spin speed (2000 rpm).
3.2 Optimization of MAPbI 3 Using the Response Surface
Methodology
3.2.1 Experimental Design
The experimental design was developed using three-level three-factor BBD model
by RSM techniques to see the impact of the deposition process on the PCE of the
device. The PCE of PSC achieved by (at 1:1 ratio of PbI 2 and MAI) was not high
(Kumari et al. 2019). So a higher ratio (1:2–1:4); was considered in this study.
PSCs made at spin speed below 2000 rpm has not given good results so, higher
speed (2000–3000 rpm) is considered in this study. PbI 2 to MAI ratio, spin speed
and the annealing temperature have been considered as free factors. The annealing
temperature was changed from 60 to 100 °C.
The autonomous parameters and their levels of the BBD are appeared in Table 3.
The predicted responses were computed by the technique detailed in our past examination (Kumari et al. 2019) and the formed BBD is illustrated in Table 4. To see the
significance of models, ANOVA and f-test were performed by the technique made