330
R. R. Deshmukh et al.
Fig. 1 a Recent world primary energy consumption (British Petroleum 2018). b Source-wise
projected share of annual global energy production [73]
associated with the fossil fuels. Thus, development of green energy technologies
based on renewable energy resources has become urgent need of globe for sustainable
progress of human being.
In the pursuit of green and efficient renewable energy harvesters, various energy
technologies have been discovered by scientists. These various technologies include
hydro energy, tidal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Among
all these renewable energy resources, hydroelectric and wind energy heavily dominate the renewable energy sectors which are about 6.8 and 1.9%, respectively, of total
yearly energy consumption, as seen from Fig. 1a. The problem associated with the
wind energy is very high cost of installation and maintenance, fluctuation of winds
over a period of time, and some sort of noise pollution (Eric Rosenbloom 2006),
whereas expensive costs and huge environmental impact are certain disadvantages
to use hydroelectric energy. Thus the best alternative is to use solar energy which
includes photovoltaic solar cells (PSC) and efficient energy storage systems (ESS)
R. R. Deshmukh et al.
Fig. 1 a Recent world primary energy consumption (British Petroleum 2018). b Source-wise
projected share of annual global energy production [73]
associated with the fossil fuels. Thus, development of green energy technologies
based on renewable energy resources has become urgent need of globe for sustainable
progress of human being.
In the pursuit of green and efficient renewable energy harvesters, various energy
technologies have been discovered by scientists. These various technologies include
hydro energy, tidal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Among
all these renewable energy resources, hydroelectric and wind energy heavily dominate the renewable energy sectors which are about 6.8 and 1.9%, respectively, of total
yearly energy consumption, as seen from Fig. 1a. The problem associated with the
wind energy is very high cost of installation and maintenance, fluctuation of winds
over a period of time, and some sort of noise pollution (Eric Rosenbloom 2006),
whereas expensive costs and huge environmental impact are certain disadvantages
to use hydroelectric energy. Thus the best alternative is to use solar energy which
includes photovoltaic solar cells (PSC) and efficient energy storage systems (ESS)