Interaction of Heavy Crude Oil and Nanoparticles …
253
of nanoparticles. Another challenge is the aspect of reusability. Reuse of particles
should be an option that can guarantee a longer process life. The life of the particles
should be high, as the time period for production can vary and the particles should
be functional for a long time.
5 Conclusion
Nanotechnology is just beginning to find its applications in oil recovery operations,
more so in heavy oil recovery. Tackling different problems of fields related to, production processes and reservoir geology is something which is being constantly
improvised to find better solutions. Nevertheless, nanomaterials have shown potential in altering the properties like viscosity and sulphur content of heavy oils. Their
extraction processes can certainly be optimized to ensure a better recovery and provide a new outlook at the production of heavy oil. Heavy oil is certainly the next
step in catering to the increasing fuel requirements. Field applications of utilizing
nanomaterials are on the run. Identifying new and efficient strategies can positively
unlock reservoirs of heavy oil to harness and sustain the energy needs.
References
Alkhaldi S, Husein MM (2014) Hydrocracking of heavy oil by means of in situ prepared
ultradispersed nickel nanocatalyst. Energy Fuels 28:643–649
Al-Marshed A, Hart A, Leeke G, Greaves M, Wood J (2015) Optimization of heavy oil upgrading
using dispersed nanoparticulate iron oxide as a catalyst. Energy Fuels 29:6306–6316
Aminzadeh-Goharrizi B, DiCarlo DA, Chung DH, Kianinejad A, Bryant SL, Huh C (2012) Effect
of nanoparticles on flow alteration during CO 2 injection. In: SPE annual technical conference
and exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 8–10 October. SPE 160052
Azari V, Abolghasemi E, Hosseini A, Ayatollahi S, Dehghani F (2018) Electrokinetic properties
of asphaltene colloidal particles: determining the electric charge using micro electrophoresis
technique. Colloids Surf A 541:68–77
Cao T, Zhou Z, Chen Q, Li Z, Xu S, Wang J, Xu M, Bisson T, Xu Z (2017) Magnetically responsive
catalytic sorbent for removal of Hg 0 and NO. Fuel Proc Technol 160:158–169
Chen Y, Wang Y, Lu J, Wu C (2009) The viscosity reduction of nano-keggin-K3PMo12O40 in
catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil. Fuel 88:1426–1434
Clark PD, Hyne JB (1984) Steam-oil chemical reactions: mechanisms for the aquathermolysis of
heavy oils. Aostra J Res 1:15–20
Del Bianco A, Garuti G, Pirovano C, Russo R (1995) Thermal cracking of petroleum residues: 3.
technical and economic aspects of hydrogen donor visbreaking. Fuel 74:756–760
Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Li S, Yu W, Thompson LJ (2001) Anomalously increased effective thermal
conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Appl Phys
Lett 78:718–720
Espinosa D, Caldelas F, Johnston K, Bryant SL, Huh C (2010) Nanoparticle-stabilized supercritical
CO 2 foams for potential mobility control applications. In: SPE improved oil recovery symposium,
Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 24–28 April. SPE 129925
253
of nanoparticles. Another challenge is the aspect of reusability. Reuse of particles
should be an option that can guarantee a longer process life. The life of the particles
should be high, as the time period for production can vary and the particles should
be functional for a long time.
5 Conclusion
Nanotechnology is just beginning to find its applications in oil recovery operations,
more so in heavy oil recovery. Tackling different problems of fields related to, production processes and reservoir geology is something which is being constantly
improvised to find better solutions. Nevertheless, nanomaterials have shown potential in altering the properties like viscosity and sulphur content of heavy oils. Their
extraction processes can certainly be optimized to ensure a better recovery and provide a new outlook at the production of heavy oil. Heavy oil is certainly the next
step in catering to the increasing fuel requirements. Field applications of utilizing
nanomaterials are on the run. Identifying new and efficient strategies can positively
unlock reservoirs of heavy oil to harness and sustain the energy needs.
References
Alkhaldi S, Husein MM (2014) Hydrocracking of heavy oil by means of in situ prepared
ultradispersed nickel nanocatalyst. Energy Fuels 28:643–649
Al-Marshed A, Hart A, Leeke G, Greaves M, Wood J (2015) Optimization of heavy oil upgrading
using dispersed nanoparticulate iron oxide as a catalyst. Energy Fuels 29:6306–6316
Aminzadeh-Goharrizi B, DiCarlo DA, Chung DH, Kianinejad A, Bryant SL, Huh C (2012) Effect
of nanoparticles on flow alteration during CO 2 injection. In: SPE annual technical conference
and exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 8–10 October. SPE 160052
Azari V, Abolghasemi E, Hosseini A, Ayatollahi S, Dehghani F (2018) Electrokinetic properties
of asphaltene colloidal particles: determining the electric charge using micro electrophoresis
technique. Colloids Surf A 541:68–77
Cao T, Zhou Z, Chen Q, Li Z, Xu S, Wang J, Xu M, Bisson T, Xu Z (2017) Magnetically responsive
catalytic sorbent for removal of Hg 0 and NO. Fuel Proc Technol 160:158–169
Chen Y, Wang Y, Lu J, Wu C (2009) The viscosity reduction of nano-keggin-K3PMo12O40 in
catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil. Fuel 88:1426–1434
Clark PD, Hyne JB (1984) Steam-oil chemical reactions: mechanisms for the aquathermolysis of
heavy oils. Aostra J Res 1:15–20
Del Bianco A, Garuti G, Pirovano C, Russo R (1995) Thermal cracking of petroleum residues: 3.
technical and economic aspects of hydrogen donor visbreaking. Fuel 74:756–760
Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Li S, Yu W, Thompson LJ (2001) Anomalously increased effective thermal
conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Appl Phys
Lett 78:718–720
Espinosa D, Caldelas F, Johnston K, Bryant SL, Huh C (2010) Nanoparticle-stabilized supercritical
CO 2 foams for potential mobility control applications. In: SPE improved oil recovery symposium,
Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 24–28 April. SPE 129925