Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Energy
Generation and Storage Applications
P. Narsimha, P. Rajesh Kumar, K. Raghu Raja Pandiyan,
Prashant L. Suryawanshi, Ramsagar Vooradi, K. Anand Kishore
and Shirish H. Sonawane
Abstract A Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a device in which
an electrochemical reaction occurs between fuel and oxidant producing electricity
and water is the only by-product with zero emission. Usually, Pt nanoparticles prepared on carbon support used as oxidation and reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells.
Because, carbon-supported platinum shows better oxidation and reduction activity
among all the pure metals. Alloying of Pt with another non-noble metal is a strategy
to develop Pt-based electrocatalysts, which reduces the Pt loading in electrodes and
alters the intrinsic properties such as active sites available on surface and binding
strength and electronic effect of species. Carbon support loss its catalytic activity
due to electrooxidation under fuel cell operating conditions for long-term operations. In particular, the encapsulation of carbon with polyaniline (PANI) supported
Pt enhances the electrode stability in fuel cells by Enhancing the Active Surface
Area (EASA), chemical resistance and electron conductivity. Different supported
catalysts have been proposed to improve electrochemical stability of nanoparticles
in PEM fuel cells and supercapacitor.
Keywords Pt-based nanomaterials · Ultrasound/microreactor assisted method ·
PEM fuel cell · Supercapcaitor · Cathode materials
1 Introduction
The projected energy demand is going more than hundred percentage by year two
thousand fifty due to exponential increase in population. Most of energy demand is
P. Narsimha · K. Raghu Raja Pandiyan · R. Vooradi · K. Anand Kishore · S. H. Sonawane (B)
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004,
Telangana, India
e-mail: shirish@nitw.ac.in
P. L. Suryawanshi
R & D Center, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Bangalore, India
P. Rajesh Kumar
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra
Pradesh 534102, India
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_9
215
Generation and Storage Applications
P. Narsimha, P. Rajesh Kumar, K. Raghu Raja Pandiyan,
Prashant L. Suryawanshi, Ramsagar Vooradi, K. Anand Kishore
and Shirish H. Sonawane
Abstract A Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a device in which
an electrochemical reaction occurs between fuel and oxidant producing electricity
and water is the only by-product with zero emission. Usually, Pt nanoparticles prepared on carbon support used as oxidation and reduction reaction in PEM fuel cells.
Because, carbon-supported platinum shows better oxidation and reduction activity
among all the pure metals. Alloying of Pt with another non-noble metal is a strategy
to develop Pt-based electrocatalysts, which reduces the Pt loading in electrodes and
alters the intrinsic properties such as active sites available on surface and binding
strength and electronic effect of species. Carbon support loss its catalytic activity
due to electrooxidation under fuel cell operating conditions for long-term operations. In particular, the encapsulation of carbon with polyaniline (PANI) supported
Pt enhances the electrode stability in fuel cells by Enhancing the Active Surface
Area (EASA), chemical resistance and electron conductivity. Different supported
catalysts have been proposed to improve electrochemical stability of nanoparticles
in PEM fuel cells and supercapacitor.
Keywords Pt-based nanomaterials · Ultrasound/microreactor assisted method ·
PEM fuel cell · Supercapcaitor · Cathode materials
1 Introduction
The projected energy demand is going more than hundred percentage by year two
thousand fifty due to exponential increase in population. Most of energy demand is
P. Narsimha · K. Raghu Raja Pandiyan · R. Vooradi · K. Anand Kishore · S. H. Sonawane (B)
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004,
Telangana, India
e-mail: shirish@nitw.ac.in
P. L. Suryawanshi
R & D Center, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd., Bangalore, India
P. Rajesh Kumar
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra
Pradesh 534102, India
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Ledwani and J. S. Sangwai (eds.), Nanotechnology for Energy and Environmental
Engineering, Green Energy and Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33774-2_9
215