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G. Pandey et al.
developed nano-adsorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 246.73 mg/g
at 298 K. When applied to real spiked samples, the composite showed recovery rates
of 83.3% ± 6.1% to 96.3% ± 2.7% (Pan et al. 2011). Apart from the detection and
removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, a study had reported its adsorption on HNT with
Copper (Cu
+ ) ions immobilized on it. The nanocomposite was developed with different concentrations of Cu
+ on HNT. It was observed that there was a proportional
increase in the adsorption of the pesticide with an increase in the concentration of
Cu
+ on HNT’s surface. Pristine nanotubes had shown a maximum adsorption capacity of 75.5 mg/g while 4.9 wt% Cu
+ on HNT showed 76.7 mg/g and 9 wt% Cu
+ on
HNT showed 80.3 mg/g (Zango et al. 2016).
Chemically modified HNT-based nanocomposites have been successful as a fibre
coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). For instance, Saraji et al. (2017)
had worked on the grafting of amine groups on HNT’s surface that were acid etched
and hydroxylated. APTES had been used to attach the amine groups on HNTs surface.
The synthesized nanocomposite was used to detect organophosphorus insecticides
in different spiked samples. The nanocomposite showed high extraction efficiency
along with no significant change in its composition or structure (Saraji et al. 2017).
Parathion, which is a type of organophosphate insecticide was successfully detected
through a HNT-TiO 2 hybrid. This hybrid was used as a fibre coating for Solid Phase
Microextraction (SPME). The nanocomposite showed very quick response time for
the determination of parathion. In spiked samples, the LOD for celery, strawberry and
apples were 0.3 μg/kg, 0.5 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The nanocomposite
also showed excellent recovery for the analysis of the pesticide in the spiked samples
(Saraji et al. 2016).
Rose Bengal (RB), which is a photosensitizer was immobilized on HNT for the
degradation of n-nonylphenol, a dangerous pesticide. RB when in the presence of
light release a singlet oxygen which oxidizes pesticides and thus degrades it. This
particular nanocomposite served as an efficient photosensitizer even in the presence
of small quantities of RB (0.412 mg/g) (Bielska et al. 2015). Similarly, magnetic HNT
had also been used for the decomposition of pentacholorophenol, which is another
commonly used insecticide with hazardous health effects. HNT provided thermal
stability to the nanoparticles which enhanced its activity thus allowed enhanced
decomposition of the pentachlorophenol which was shown by obtaining a 180%
higher catalytic yield. The hybrid also showed high reusability and was shown to
be reused even after multiple cycles (Tsoufis et al. 2017). Apart from this, oxidase
enzymes such as laccase have also been immobilized on the surface of HNT in
order to degrade pesticides. In a study, magnetic nanoparticles and -NH 2 groups
through APTES were grafted on the surface of HNT. Then using glutaraldehyde as
a crosslinker, laccase was further immobilized on it. The nanocomposite was later
used to degrade pesticides (Kadam et al. 2017).
G. Pandey et al.
developed nano-adsorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 246.73 mg/g
at 298 K. When applied to real spiked samples, the composite showed recovery rates
of 83.3% ± 6.1% to 96.3% ± 2.7% (Pan et al. 2011). Apart from the detection and
removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, a study had reported its adsorption on HNT with
Copper (Cu
+ ) ions immobilized on it. The nanocomposite was developed with different concentrations of Cu
+ on HNT. It was observed that there was a proportional
increase in the adsorption of the pesticide with an increase in the concentration of
Cu
+ on HNT’s surface. Pristine nanotubes had shown a maximum adsorption capacity of 75.5 mg/g while 4.9 wt% Cu
+ on HNT showed 76.7 mg/g and 9 wt% Cu
+ on
HNT showed 80.3 mg/g (Zango et al. 2016).
Chemically modified HNT-based nanocomposites have been successful as a fibre
coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). For instance, Saraji et al. (2017)
had worked on the grafting of amine groups on HNT’s surface that were acid etched
and hydroxylated. APTES had been used to attach the amine groups on HNTs surface.
The synthesized nanocomposite was used to detect organophosphorus insecticides
in different spiked samples. The nanocomposite showed high extraction efficiency
along with no significant change in its composition or structure (Saraji et al. 2017).
Parathion, which is a type of organophosphate insecticide was successfully detected
through a HNT-TiO 2 hybrid. This hybrid was used as a fibre coating for Solid Phase
Microextraction (SPME). The nanocomposite showed very quick response time for
the determination of parathion. In spiked samples, the LOD for celery, strawberry and
apples were 0.3 μg/kg, 0.5 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The nanocomposite
also showed excellent recovery for the analysis of the pesticide in the spiked samples
(Saraji et al. 2016).
Rose Bengal (RB), which is a photosensitizer was immobilized on HNT for the
degradation of n-nonylphenol, a dangerous pesticide. RB when in the presence of
light release a singlet oxygen which oxidizes pesticides and thus degrades it. This
particular nanocomposite served as an efficient photosensitizer even in the presence
of small quantities of RB (0.412 mg/g) (Bielska et al. 2015). Similarly, magnetic HNT
had also been used for the decomposition of pentacholorophenol, which is another
commonly used insecticide with hazardous health effects. HNT provided thermal
stability to the nanoparticles which enhanced its activity thus allowed enhanced
decomposition of the pentachlorophenol which was shown by obtaining a 180%
higher catalytic yield. The hybrid also showed high reusability and was shown to
be reused even after multiple cycles (Tsoufis et al. 2017). Apart from this, oxidase
enzymes such as laccase have also been immobilized on the surface of HNT in
order to degrade pesticides. In a study, magnetic nanoparticles and -NH 2 groups
through APTES were grafted on the surface of HNT. Then using glutaraldehyde as
a crosslinker, laccase was further immobilized on it. The nanocomposite was later
used to degrade pesticides (Kadam et al. 2017).