Thermal Plasma Processes and Nanomaterial Preparation
91
5 Conclusion
Nanomaterials have wide-ranging applications and some of these nanomaterials have
already found applications in our day-to-day customer products. The ever-increasing
demand for these materials has driven the industries to explore the various ways of
preparing/producing these which are economically viable. Thermal plasma process
of making these nanomaterials holds a promise that is simpler, cost-efficient and
wide types of materials under its reach. To reiterate this, it was shown in this chapter
how the process as well as the equipment could be used to prepare a wide range of
materials—metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and metal nanoparticles. It
was also shown how small changes in the plasma operating parameters could lead
to vastly varied crystalline structure and shape. What was covered was only a part
of the possibilities—gas phase synthesis of nanostructures using thermal plasma.
However, more possibilities exist when the same plasma process is used in a liquid
medium—instead of in air/gas ambient. The growth dynamics are different and the
morphologies would be vastly different from what is obtained from the gas-phase
synthesis.
A large amount of literature is available with regard to the plasma process of
making nanomaterials—both gas-phase as well as liquid-phase synthesis.
References
Balasubramanian C et al (2004) Synthesis of nanowires and nanoparticles of cubic aluminium
nitride. Nanotechnology 15:370–373
Balasubramanian C, Bellucci S, Castrucci P, De Crescenzi M, Bhoraskar SV (2004) Scanning
tunneling microscopy observation of coiled aluminum nitride nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett
383:188–191
Balasubramanian C et al (2016) Defective iron-oxide nanoparticles synthesised by high temperature
plasma processing: a magnetic characterisation versus temperature. Nanotechnology 27:445701
Banerjee I et al (2006) Preparation of c-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles using DC thermal arc-plasma route,
their characterization and magnetic properties. Scr Mater 54:1235–1240
Bhave TM et al (2005) Oriented growth of nanocrystalline gamma ferric oxide in electrophoretically
deposited films. Hyperfine Interact 160:199–209
Castrucci P et al (2006) Silicon nanotubes: synthesis and characterization. Thin Solid Films
508:226–230
Cushing BL, Kolesnichenko VL, O’Connor CJ (2004) Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses
of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 104:3893–3946
De Crescenzi M et al (2005) Experimental imaging of silicon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 86:231901
Dokhale PA, Sali ND, Kumar PM, Bhoraskar SV, Rohatgi VK, Bhoraskar VN, Badrinarayanan S,
Date SK (1997) Mater Sci Eng B 49:18
Fauchais P et al (2008) Thermal plasma applications. High Temp Mater Process 12:165–203
Huang H, Tang L (2007) Treatment of organic waste using thermal plasma pyrolysis technology.
Energy Convers Manag 48:1331–1337
Koushika EM, Shanmugavelayutham G, Saravanan P, Balasubramanian C (2018) Rapid synthesis
of nano-magnetite by thermal plasma route and its magnetic properties. Mater Manuf Process
33:1701–1707
91
5 Conclusion
Nanomaterials have wide-ranging applications and some of these nanomaterials have
already found applications in our day-to-day customer products. The ever-increasing
demand for these materials has driven the industries to explore the various ways of
preparing/producing these which are economically viable. Thermal plasma process
of making these nanomaterials holds a promise that is simpler, cost-efficient and
wide types of materials under its reach. To reiterate this, it was shown in this chapter
how the process as well as the equipment could be used to prepare a wide range of
materials—metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides and metal nanoparticles. It
was also shown how small changes in the plasma operating parameters could lead
to vastly varied crystalline structure and shape. What was covered was only a part
of the possibilities—gas phase synthesis of nanostructures using thermal plasma.
However, more possibilities exist when the same plasma process is used in a liquid
medium—instead of in air/gas ambient. The growth dynamics are different and the
morphologies would be vastly different from what is obtained from the gas-phase
synthesis.
A large amount of literature is available with regard to the plasma process of
making nanomaterials—both gas-phase as well as liquid-phase synthesis.
References
Balasubramanian C et al (2004) Synthesis of nanowires and nanoparticles of cubic aluminium
nitride. Nanotechnology 15:370–373
Balasubramanian C, Bellucci S, Castrucci P, De Crescenzi M, Bhoraskar SV (2004) Scanning
tunneling microscopy observation of coiled aluminum nitride nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett
383:188–191
Balasubramanian C et al (2016) Defective iron-oxide nanoparticles synthesised by high temperature
plasma processing: a magnetic characterisation versus temperature. Nanotechnology 27:445701
Banerjee I et al (2006) Preparation of c-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles using DC thermal arc-plasma route,
their characterization and magnetic properties. Scr Mater 54:1235–1240
Bhave TM et al (2005) Oriented growth of nanocrystalline gamma ferric oxide in electrophoretically
deposited films. Hyperfine Interact 160:199–209
Castrucci P et al (2006) Silicon nanotubes: synthesis and characterization. Thin Solid Films
508:226–230
Cushing BL, Kolesnichenko VL, O’Connor CJ (2004) Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses
of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 104:3893–3946
De Crescenzi M et al (2005) Experimental imaging of silicon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 86:231901
Dokhale PA, Sali ND, Kumar PM, Bhoraskar SV, Rohatgi VK, Bhoraskar VN, Badrinarayanan S,
Date SK (1997) Mater Sci Eng B 49:18
Fauchais P et al (2008) Thermal plasma applications. High Temp Mater Process 12:165–203
Huang H, Tang L (2007) Treatment of organic waste using thermal plasma pyrolysis technology.
Energy Convers Manag 48:1331–1337
Koushika EM, Shanmugavelayutham G, Saravanan P, Balasubramanian C (2018) Rapid synthesis
of nano-magnetite by thermal plasma route and its magnetic properties. Mater Manuf Process
33:1701–1707