Contents
Foreword
xiii
Preface
xvii
List of Figures
xix
List of Tables
xxv
FLAME Contributors
xxvii
1 Setting the Stage: Complex Systems, Emergence and
Evolution
1
1.1 Complex and Adaptive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.2 What Is Chaos? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
1.3 Constructing Artificial Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
1.4 Importance of Emergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.5 Dynamic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
1.6 Is There Evolution at Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
1.6.1 Adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
1.7 Distributing Intelligence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
1.8 Modeling and Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.8.1 Research Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2 Artificial Agents
17
2.1 Intelligent Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
2.1.1 “Can Machines Think?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2.2 Engineering Self-Organizing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
2.2.1 Bring in the Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.2.2 Characteristics of Agent-Based Models . . . . . . . . .
23
2.3 Agent-Based Modeling Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
2.4 Adaptive Agent Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
2.5 Mathematical Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
2.6 Objects or Agents? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
2.7 Influence of Other Research Areas on ABM . . . . . . . . . .
40
ix