152
Chapter 10. Combining directed and signed embeddings
Figure 10.13: 111 embedded groups involved in incidents with radical groups showing positive edges
position are clearly visible, but there are also some interesting (primarily negative)
relationships that connect the arms of the clusters. Note especially the strongly focused negativity between groups 195 (Unidentified Armed Group, Nigeria) and 196
(Niger Delta Defence and Security Council).
Table 10.3 shows the normalized edge lengths for some of the groups that
either have anomalous values or are visible in the embeddings. The magnitude of the
values for Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) is a strong red flag, since it signals
both that there is a major player in the conflicts in this region, and that it remains
unidentified (although the earlier analysis for Nigeria suggested that it is probably
Boko Haram acting in ways it does not want to acknowledge).
10.3 Extensions to other compositions
There are some other combination networks that exist in the real world, such as
temporal directed networks and temporal signed networks, as well as more complex
networks, such as temporal signed directed networks with typed edges. Extending
the layered model for those other combinations of connection types requires finding
an appropriate construction. Although this is not difficult in principle, an argument
about the edge weights in the nexus created by the versions of each node must always
be made. Also, a composition of three different properties generates six versions of
each node, so visualization becomes more unwieldy and abstract measures must be
used instead.
Chapter 10. Combining directed and signed embeddings
Figure 10.13: 111 embedded groups involved in incidents with radical groups showing positive edges
position are clearly visible, but there are also some interesting (primarily negative)
relationships that connect the arms of the clusters. Note especially the strongly focused negativity between groups 195 (Unidentified Armed Group, Nigeria) and 196
(Niger Delta Defence and Security Council).
Table 10.3 shows the normalized edge lengths for some of the groups that
either have anomalous values or are visible in the embeddings. The magnitude of the
values for Unidentified Armed Group (Nigeria) is a strong red flag, since it signals
both that there is a major player in the conflicts in this region, and that it remains
unidentified (although the earlier analysis for Nigeria suggested that it is probably
Boko Haram acting in ways it does not want to acknowledge).
10.3 Extensions to other compositions
There are some other combination networks that exist in the real world, such as
temporal directed networks and temporal signed networks, as well as more complex
networks, such as temporal signed directed networks with typed edges. Extending
the layered model for those other combinations of connection types requires finding
an appropriate construction. Although this is not difficult in principle, an argument
about the edge weights in the nexus created by the versions of each node must always
be made. Also, a composition of three different properties generates six versions of
each node, so visualization becomes more unwieldy and abstract measures must be
used instead.