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Contents
11. Bipolar Junction Transistor Compact Models ....................................... 371
11.1
Introduction .....................................................................................371
11.2
Basic Features of BJTs ..................................................................... 372
11.3
Basic Operation of BJTs .................................................................. 374
11.4
Mode of Operations of BJTs .......................................................... 375
11.5
Compact BJT Model .......................................................................377
11.5.1 Basic DC Model: EM1 .....................................................377
11.5.1.1 Linear Hybrid-π Small Signal Model ..........382
11.5.2 Enhancement of the Basic Model .................................. 385
11.5.2.1 Modeling Parasitic Circuit Elements ........... 385
11.5.2.2 Limitations of Basic Model ........................... 392
11.5.3 Modeling Carrier Recombination in the Depletion
Regions .............................................................................. 394
11.5.4 Modeling Base-Width Modulation and
High- Level Injection ....................................................... 395
11.5.4.1 Components of Injected Base Charge ......... 402
11.5.5 Summary of Compact BJT Model ................................. 412
11.6
Summary ......................................................................................... 415
Exercises ........................................................................................................ 415
12. Compact Model Library for Circuit Simulation ...................................423
12.1
Introduction .....................................................................................423
12.2
General Approach to Generate Compact Device Model ...........423
12.2.1 Data Collection.................................................................423
12.2.1.1 Selection of Devices ....................................... 424
12.2.1.2 Selection of Device Characteristics ............. 426
12.2.2 Data Fitting to Extract Compact Model Parameters..... 427
12.2.3 Generation of Parameter Files ....................................... 428
12.2.4 Generation of Compact Model Library ........................ 429
12.2.4.1 Modeling Systematic Process Variability .....430
12.2.4.2 Modeling Mismatch ......................................433
12.2.4.3 Generate Model Card ....................................434
12.2.5 Model Validation ............................................................. 436
12.3
Model Usage .................................................................................... 436
12.4
Summary ......................................................................................... 439
Sample Model Cards ...................................................................................440
References ........................................................................................................... 477
Index ..................................................................................................................... 515