References
Corkhill M (2016) A new regulatory regime for new gas carriers. LNG World Shipping, 23 June
2016. https://www.lngworldshipping.com/news/view,a-new-regulatory-regime-for-new-gascarriers_43440.htm
European Commission (2013) SWD (2013) 4 final: action towards a comprehensive EU framework
on LNG for shipping
European Commission (2016) Science for environment policy: methane emissions from
LNG-powered ships higher than current marine fuel oils. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/
integration/research/newsalert/pdf/methane_emissions_from_lng_powered_ships_higher_
than_current_marine_fuel_oils_444na4_en.pdf
IMO Document (2017) Safety for gas-fuelled ships – new mandatory code enters into force. I
January 2017. http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/01-IGF.aspx
IMO Document (2019) The 2020 global sulphur limit. http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/
HotTopics/GHG/Documents/2020%20sulphur%20limit%20FAQ%202019.pdf
IOPC Fund (2019) An overview of the international convention on liability and compensation for
damage in connection with the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea, 2010 (The
2010 HNS Convention). https://www.hnsconvention.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/HNSConvention-Overview_e.pdf
Maritime Executive (2019) LNG may offer 10 percent cut in GHG emissions. 29 January 2019.
https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/study-lng-may-offer-10-percent-cut-in-ghgemissions
Maritime Safety Committee (2009) Interim Guidelines on Safety for National Gas-Fuelled Engine
Installations in Ships. MSC Resolution MSC.285(86), (17 June 2009)
Norway (2003) Proposal for Developing International Regulations on Gas-Fuelled Ships. IMO
Doc. MSC 78/24/8 (19 December 2003)
Sharafian A, Blomerus P, Mérida W (2019) Natural gas as a ship fuel: assessment of greenhouse gas
and air pollution reduction potential. Energy Policy 131:332–346
Xu J (2013) The international legal framework governing liability and compensation for shipsource oil pollution damage. In: Mejia MQ Jr (ed) Selected issues in maritime law and policy:
Liber Amicorum Proshanto K. Mukherjee. Nova Science Publishers
Xu J, Testa D, Mukherjee PK (2015) The use of LNG as a marine fuel: the international regulatory
framework. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(3):225–240
Xu J, Testa D, Mukherjee PK (2017) The use of LNG as a marine fuel: civil liability considerations
from an international perspective. J Environ Law 29:129–153
702
J. Xu and P. K. Mukherjee
Corkhill M (2016) A new regulatory regime for new gas carriers. LNG World Shipping, 23 June
2016. https://www.lngworldshipping.com/news/view,a-new-regulatory-regime-for-new-gascarriers_43440.htm
European Commission (2013) SWD (2013) 4 final: action towards a comprehensive EU framework
on LNG for shipping
European Commission (2016) Science for environment policy: methane emissions from
LNG-powered ships higher than current marine fuel oils. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/
integration/research/newsalert/pdf/methane_emissions_from_lng_powered_ships_higher_
than_current_marine_fuel_oils_444na4_en.pdf
IMO Document (2017) Safety for gas-fuelled ships – new mandatory code enters into force. I
January 2017. http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/01-IGF.aspx
IMO Document (2019) The 2020 global sulphur limit. http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/
HotTopics/GHG/Documents/2020%20sulphur%20limit%20FAQ%202019.pdf
IOPC Fund (2019) An overview of the international convention on liability and compensation for
damage in connection with the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea, 2010 (The
2010 HNS Convention). https://www.hnsconvention.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/HNSConvention-Overview_e.pdf
Maritime Executive (2019) LNG may offer 10 percent cut in GHG emissions. 29 January 2019.
https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/study-lng-may-offer-10-percent-cut-in-ghgemissions
Maritime Safety Committee (2009) Interim Guidelines on Safety for National Gas-Fuelled Engine
Installations in Ships. MSC Resolution MSC.285(86), (17 June 2009)
Norway (2003) Proposal for Developing International Regulations on Gas-Fuelled Ships. IMO
Doc. MSC 78/24/8 (19 December 2003)
Sharafian A, Blomerus P, Mérida W (2019) Natural gas as a ship fuel: assessment of greenhouse gas
and air pollution reduction potential. Energy Policy 131:332–346
Xu J (2013) The international legal framework governing liability and compensation for shipsource oil pollution damage. In: Mejia MQ Jr (ed) Selected issues in maritime law and policy:
Liber Amicorum Proshanto K. Mukherjee. Nova Science Publishers
Xu J, Testa D, Mukherjee PK (2015) The use of LNG as a marine fuel: the international regulatory
framework. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(3):225–240
Xu J, Testa D, Mukherjee PK (2017) The use of LNG as a marine fuel: civil liability considerations
from an international perspective. J Environ Law 29:129–153
702
J. Xu and P. K. Mukherjee