The study goes on to recommend the following:
citizens should have the right to expect that their image not be divulged to any third parties
without their consent, except where this is exceptionally required for the prevention and
detection of a specific crime;
Citizens should have a right to be assured that systems are necessary, operating fairly and
in accordance with the laws and administrative rules that govern their use. This requires that
they be subject to independent licensing, audit and inspection and not just registration, and
that the authorities have sufficient personnel to undertake their duties. The results of
licensing and inspections should be made public
47
The ethical views expressed above may pose a challenge to the widespread and
unbridled use of CCTV, whether on land or at sea, especially in relation to EU
vessels.
4.4.2 Optimize Radars
The principles governing the use of CCTV are mainly the same as those governing
the use of radars. Use of such sensors to trigger alert not detailed enough to raise
privacy issues. The advancement in Radar technology such as Thermal Imaging,
360 Panoramic Field of View, Automatic Intrusion Detection and Tracking, and
Gyro Stabilization
48 have allowed the Maritime industry to act on information more
accurately and promptly during sea voyages and allowing ship operators to avoid hot
zones area. Similar to the use of CCTV, the digital world, although holds and
delivers great promises, raises big valid and justifiable concerns regarding the
privacy of the citizen which is protected by different international laws including
the Human Rights conventions and the European Union Human Rights charter.
4.5 Deter
4.5.1 Use of Non-lethal Weapons
49
Non-lethal weapons have been described variously as soft-kill weapons, less-thanlethal, sub-lethal weapons, among other terms. All of these terms intend to indicate
the difference between these weapons and conventional weapons.
50 The purpose of
47 European Parliament (2009), pp. 17–18.
48 For more information, see: http://www.hgh-infrared.com/Applications/Security/Self-Protectionof-Ships-Antipiracy.
49 In this phase Promerc project suggests the NLW follow: water pumps, sound devices (ship’s horn/
thunder flashes/flash bangs), long range acoustic device, foam spray (ox blood), crew noise, laser
devices, pendulums, dye markers (red), razor wire, water spray, netting (metal—chicken wire)
(alternatively to the razor wire), electrified barriers, water spray.
50 As critics point out, NLW can be lethal, but they are not intended to be so.
The Application of Human Rights and Ethics Principles to Self-. . .
407
citizens should have the right to expect that their image not be divulged to any third parties
without their consent, except where this is exceptionally required for the prevention and
detection of a specific crime;
Citizens should have a right to be assured that systems are necessary, operating fairly and
in accordance with the laws and administrative rules that govern their use. This requires that
they be subject to independent licensing, audit and inspection and not just registration, and
that the authorities have sufficient personnel to undertake their duties. The results of
licensing and inspections should be made public
47
The ethical views expressed above may pose a challenge to the widespread and
unbridled use of CCTV, whether on land or at sea, especially in relation to EU
vessels.
4.4.2 Optimize Radars
The principles governing the use of CCTV are mainly the same as those governing
the use of radars. Use of such sensors to trigger alert not detailed enough to raise
privacy issues. The advancement in Radar technology such as Thermal Imaging,
360 Panoramic Field of View, Automatic Intrusion Detection and Tracking, and
Gyro Stabilization
48 have allowed the Maritime industry to act on information more
accurately and promptly during sea voyages and allowing ship operators to avoid hot
zones area. Similar to the use of CCTV, the digital world, although holds and
delivers great promises, raises big valid and justifiable concerns regarding the
privacy of the citizen which is protected by different international laws including
the Human Rights conventions and the European Union Human Rights charter.
4.5 Deter
4.5.1 Use of Non-lethal Weapons
49
Non-lethal weapons have been described variously as soft-kill weapons, less-thanlethal, sub-lethal weapons, among other terms. All of these terms intend to indicate
the difference between these weapons and conventional weapons.
50 The purpose of
47 European Parliament (2009), pp. 17–18.
48 For more information, see: http://www.hgh-infrared.com/Applications/Security/Self-Protectionof-Ships-Antipiracy.
49 In this phase Promerc project suggests the NLW follow: water pumps, sound devices (ship’s horn/
thunder flashes/flash bangs), long range acoustic device, foam spray (ox blood), crew noise, laser
devices, pendulums, dye markers (red), razor wire, water spray, netting (metal—chicken wire)
(alternatively to the razor wire), electrified barriers, water spray.
50 As critics point out, NLW can be lethal, but they are not intended to be so.
The Application of Human Rights and Ethics Principles to Self-. . .
407