Steffen D (2014) Troubled waters? The use of the Nigerian Navy and police in private maritime
security roles. Centre for International maritime Security (CIMSEC) Report. http://cimsec.org/
troubled-waters-use-nigerian-navy-police-private-maritime-security-roles
Struwe LB (2012) Private Security Companies (PSCs) as a piracy countermeasure. Stud Conflict
Terrorism 35(7–8):588–596
United Nations, Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1974) entered force 25 May 1980
United Nations, Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation (Rome 1988) entered into force on 1 March 1992
United Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 10 December 1982) 1833 UNTS
3/ 21 ILM 1261 (1982) entered into force 16 November 1994
United Nations, Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the
Safety of Fixed Platforms Located in the Continental Shelf
United Nations Security Council, Security Council Resolution on Acts of Piracy and Armed
Robbery Against Vessels in Territorial Waters and the High Seas off the Coast of Somalia,
S/Res/1816 (2 June 2008)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2017) Review of Maritime
Transport (UNCTAD/RMT/2017). United Nations Publication, New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2018) Review of Maritime
Transport (UNCTAD/RMT/ 2018). United Nations Publication, New York
Van Hespen I (2014) Protecting merchant ships from maritime piracy by privately contracted armed
security personnel: a comparative analysis of flag state legislation and port and coastal state
requirements. J Marit Law Commer 45:361–400
Vijayan S (2014) The use of armed forces on merchant vessels without strict rules for the use of
force. J Marit Law Commer 45:15–34
Williams E (2014) Private armed guards in the fight against piracy. In: Papastavridis E, Trapp KN
(eds) La criminalité en me: crimes at sea. Brill Nijhoff, Boston
Cases
In the matter of an arbitration under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea, Dispute concerning the ‘Enrica Lexie’ Incident (Italian Republic v the Republic of India)
PCA Case No. 2015-28
M/V Saiga (No.2) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea) merits (1999) 4 ITLOS Rep 132
206
O. A. Eruaga
security roles. Centre for International maritime Security (CIMSEC) Report. http://cimsec.org/
troubled-waters-use-nigerian-navy-police-private-maritime-security-roles
Struwe LB (2012) Private Security Companies (PSCs) as a piracy countermeasure. Stud Conflict
Terrorism 35(7–8):588–596
United Nations, Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1974) entered force 25 May 1980
United Nations, Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime
Navigation (Rome 1988) entered into force on 1 March 1992
United Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 10 December 1982) 1833 UNTS
3/ 21 ILM 1261 (1982) entered into force 16 November 1994
United Nations, Protocol of 2005 to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the
Safety of Fixed Platforms Located in the Continental Shelf
United Nations Security Council, Security Council Resolution on Acts of Piracy and Armed
Robbery Against Vessels in Territorial Waters and the High Seas off the Coast of Somalia,
S/Res/1816 (2 June 2008)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2017) Review of Maritime
Transport (UNCTAD/RMT/2017). United Nations Publication, New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2018) Review of Maritime
Transport (UNCTAD/RMT/ 2018). United Nations Publication, New York
Van Hespen I (2014) Protecting merchant ships from maritime piracy by privately contracted armed
security personnel: a comparative analysis of flag state legislation and port and coastal state
requirements. J Marit Law Commer 45:361–400
Vijayan S (2014) The use of armed forces on merchant vessels without strict rules for the use of
force. J Marit Law Commer 45:15–34
Williams E (2014) Private armed guards in the fight against piracy. In: Papastavridis E, Trapp KN
(eds) La criminalité en me: crimes at sea. Brill Nijhoff, Boston
Cases
In the matter of an arbitration under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea, Dispute concerning the ‘Enrica Lexie’ Incident (Italian Republic v the Republic of India)
PCA Case No. 2015-28
M/V Saiga (No.2) (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea) merits (1999) 4 ITLOS Rep 132
206
O. A. Eruaga