Brooks D (2000) Messiahs or Mercenaries? The future of international private military services. Int
Peacekeeping 7(4):129–144
Bürgin A, Schneider P (2015) Regulation of private maritime security companies in Germany and
Spain: a comparative study. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(2):123–137
Calvin’s Case/Postnanti (1572)(77 ER 377)/(1932) 2KB 210
Carreira Da Cruz M (2017) Regulating private maritime security by standards: causes and legal
consequences. Marit Saf Secur Law J 3:63–81
Chaisse J, Ji X (2018) ‘Soft law’ in international law-making- how soft international taxation law is
reshaping international economic governance. Asian J WTO Int Health Law Policy 13
(2):463–509
Chintoan-Uta M, Silva JR (2017) Global maritime domain awareness: a sustainable development
perspective. WMU J Marit Aff 16:37–52
Cullen P (2012) Surveying the market in maritime private security services. In: Berube CG, Cullen
P (eds) Maritime private security: market responses to piracy, terrorism and waterborne security
risks in the 21st century. Routledge, Oxon
D’Aspremont J (2011a) Non-state actors in international law: oscillating between concepts and
dynamics. In: D’Aspermont J (ed) Participants in the international legal system. Routledge,
London
D’Aspremont J (2011b) Inclusive law-making and law–enforcement process for an exclusive
international legal system. In: D’Aspermont J (ed) Participants in the international legal system.
Routledge, London
De Nevers R (2015) State interests and the problem of piracy: comparing U.S. and UK approaches
to maritime PMSCs. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(2):153–166
Dickinson LT (2006) Public law values in a privatized world. Yale J Int Law 31(2):383–426
Fonseca J (2018) Pirate attacks worsen in the Gulf of Guinea –IMB. Retrieved 11 April 2018 from
https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/pirate-attacks-worsen-gulf-guinea-316094
Gagain M (2010) Neglected waters: territorial maritime piracy and developing states. N Engl J Int
Comp Law 16:169–196
Guzman AT, Meyer TL (2010) International soft law. J Leg Anal 2(1):171–225
Hall RB, Biersteker J (2002) The emergence of private authority in the international system. In: Hall
RB, Biersteker J (eds) The emergence of private authority in global governance. Cambridge
University, Cambridge
Harrelson J (2010) Blackbeard meets Blackwater: an analysis of international conventions that
address piracy and the use of private security companies to protect the shipping industry. Am
Univ Int Law Rev 25(2):296–297
Hasan S, Hassan D (2016) Current arrangement to combat piracy in the Gulf of Guinea region: an
evaluation. J Marit Law Commer 47:171–218
Hassan D (2006) The rise of the territorial states and the treaty of Westphalia. Yearb N Z Jurisprud
9:62–70
Heyman S (1991) The first duty of government: protection, liberty and the fourteenth amendment.
Duke Law J 41(3):507–571
IMO (2012a) (Revised) Interim Guidance to Ship Owners, Ship Operators and Shipmasters on the
Use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area,
MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.2
IMO (2012b) Interim Recommendations for Port and Coastal States Regarding the use of Privately
Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/ Circ.
1408
IMO (2012c) Interim Guidance to Private Maritime Security Companies Providing Contracted
Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/Circ. 1443
IMO (2015) (Revised) Interim Recommendations for Flag States Regarding the use of Privately
Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/Circ.
1406/Rev.3
Private Maritime Security Companies Within the International Legal. . .
203
Peacekeeping 7(4):129–144
Bürgin A, Schneider P (2015) Regulation of private maritime security companies in Germany and
Spain: a comparative study. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(2):123–137
Calvin’s Case/Postnanti (1572)(77 ER 377)/(1932) 2KB 210
Carreira Da Cruz M (2017) Regulating private maritime security by standards: causes and legal
consequences. Marit Saf Secur Law J 3:63–81
Chaisse J, Ji X (2018) ‘Soft law’ in international law-making- how soft international taxation law is
reshaping international economic governance. Asian J WTO Int Health Law Policy 13
(2):463–509
Chintoan-Uta M, Silva JR (2017) Global maritime domain awareness: a sustainable development
perspective. WMU J Marit Aff 16:37–52
Cullen P (2012) Surveying the market in maritime private security services. In: Berube CG, Cullen
P (eds) Maritime private security: market responses to piracy, terrorism and waterborne security
risks in the 21st century. Routledge, Oxon
D’Aspremont J (2011a) Non-state actors in international law: oscillating between concepts and
dynamics. In: D’Aspermont J (ed) Participants in the international legal system. Routledge,
London
D’Aspremont J (2011b) Inclusive law-making and law–enforcement process for an exclusive
international legal system. In: D’Aspermont J (ed) Participants in the international legal system.
Routledge, London
De Nevers R (2015) State interests and the problem of piracy: comparing U.S. and UK approaches
to maritime PMSCs. Ocean Dev Int Law 46(2):153–166
Dickinson LT (2006) Public law values in a privatized world. Yale J Int Law 31(2):383–426
Fonseca J (2018) Pirate attacks worsen in the Gulf of Guinea –IMB. Retrieved 11 April 2018 from
https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/pirate-attacks-worsen-gulf-guinea-316094
Gagain M (2010) Neglected waters: territorial maritime piracy and developing states. N Engl J Int
Comp Law 16:169–196
Guzman AT, Meyer TL (2010) International soft law. J Leg Anal 2(1):171–225
Hall RB, Biersteker J (2002) The emergence of private authority in the international system. In: Hall
RB, Biersteker J (eds) The emergence of private authority in global governance. Cambridge
University, Cambridge
Harrelson J (2010) Blackbeard meets Blackwater: an analysis of international conventions that
address piracy and the use of private security companies to protect the shipping industry. Am
Univ Int Law Rev 25(2):296–297
Hasan S, Hassan D (2016) Current arrangement to combat piracy in the Gulf of Guinea region: an
evaluation. J Marit Law Commer 47:171–218
Hassan D (2006) The rise of the territorial states and the treaty of Westphalia. Yearb N Z Jurisprud
9:62–70
Heyman S (1991) The first duty of government: protection, liberty and the fourteenth amendment.
Duke Law J 41(3):507–571
IMO (2012a) (Revised) Interim Guidance to Ship Owners, Ship Operators and Shipmasters on the
Use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area,
MSC.1/Circ.1405/Rev.2
IMO (2012b) Interim Recommendations for Port and Coastal States Regarding the use of Privately
Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/ Circ.
1408
IMO (2012c) Interim Guidance to Private Maritime Security Companies Providing Contracted
Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/Circ. 1443
IMO (2015) (Revised) Interim Recommendations for Flag States Regarding the use of Privately
Contracted Armed Security Personnel on Board Ships in the High Risk Area, MSC.1/Circ.
1406/Rev.3
Private Maritime Security Companies Within the International Legal. . .
203