x
Contents
5.3.6 Low-Power Schottky TTL (74LS/54LS)
136
5.3.7 Advanced Low-Power Schottky TTL (74ALS/54ALS)
137
5.3.8 Advanced Schottky TTL (74AS/54AS)
139
5.3.9 Fairchild Advanced Schottky TTL (74F/54F)
140
5.3.10 Floating and Unused Inputs
141
5.3.11 Current Transients and Power Supply Decoupling
142
5.4 Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)
147
5.4.1 Different Subfamilies
147
5.4.2 Logic Gate Implementation in ECL
148
5.4.3 Salient Features of ECL
150
5.5 CMOS Logic Family
151
5.5.1 Circuit Implementation of Logic Functions
151
5.5.2 CMOS Subfamilies
165
5.6 BiCMOS Logic
170
5.6.1 BiCMOS Inverter
171
5.6.2 BiCMOS NAND
171
5.7 NMOS and PMOS Logic
172
5.7.1 PMOS Logic
173
5.7.2 NMOS Logic
174
5.8 Integrated Injection Logic (I
2 L) Family
174
5.9 Comparison of Different Logic Families
176
5.10 Guidelines to Using TTL Devices
176
5.11 Guidelines to Handling and Using CMOS Devices
179
5.12 Interfacing with Different Logic Families
179
5.12.1 CMOS-to-TTL Interface
179
5.12.2 TTL-to-CMOS Interface
180
5.12.3 TTL-to-ECL and ECL-to-TTL Interfaces
180
5.12.4 CMOS-to-ECL and ECL-to-CMOS Interfaces
183
5.13 Classification of Digital ICs
183
5.14 Application-Relevant Information
184
Review Questions
185
Problems
185
Further Reading
187
6 Boolean Algebra and Simplification Techniques
189
6.1 Introduction to Boolean Algebra
189
6.1.1 Variables, Literals and Terms in Boolean Expressions
190
6.1.2 Equivalent and Complement of Boolean Expressions
190
6.1.3 Dual of a Boolean Expression
191
6.2 Postulates of Boolean Algebra
192
6.3 Theorems of Boolean Algebra
192
6.3.1 Theorem 1 (Operations with ‘0’ and ‘1’)
192
6.3.2 Theorem 2 (Operations with ‘0’ and ‘1’)
193
6.3.3 Theorem 3 (Idempotent or Identity Laws)
193
6.3.4 Theorem 4 (Complementation Law)
193
6.3.5 Theorem 5 (Commutative Laws)
194
6.3.6 Theorem 6 (Associative Laws)
194
6.3.7 Theorem 7 (Distributive Laws)
195