industry stagnated coupled with the colonial tendencies and policies
38 in Uganda
that never favored exploration at the time.
Later on in the 1940s and 1950s further exploration was conducted, several
shallow wells were drilled mainly for stratographic purposes.
39 Around 1980s
intensive exploration work was conducted plus aeromagnetic data in 1983 confirmed
the existence of viable sedimentary basins in the Albertine Graben, Lake Kyoga
basin, Lake Wamala basin and Moroto Kadam basin. With these expectations
government enacted the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act in 1985 to
streamline exploration and production of petroleum and related matters.
40
The Act laid a foundation towards licensing several international companies plus
the subsequent seismic surveys and drilling. When the Petroleum Exploration and
Production Department (PEPD) replaced the Petroleum Unit, the PEPD conducted
aeromagnetic surveys
41 and in 1993 comprehensive petroleum (exploration and
Productions Regulations) were passed. Since then international companies that
have embarked on exploration include Fina (Production Sharing Agreement signed
with government in 1991), Heritage oil & Gas Ltd in 1997 for exploration Area
3, Australia’s Hardman Resources in 2001 for exploration Area 2, Dominion
Uganda Ltd, Energy Africa and Neptune Petroleum.
42
Currently there are three major companies conducting extensive exploration and
have Production licences in the Albertine and include Tullow Uganda Operations
pty LTD, CNOOC (U) LTD, Total E&P Uganda B.V and in a PSA signed on 14th
September 2017 an exploration Licence was issued to Armour Energy Ltd for the
344 square km kanywataba field.
43
3 Oil Development and Associated Impacts on Land
in the Graben
Developments such as roads, airports, pipelines and refinery infrastructures degrade
land and fragment habitats in the Albertine Graben. All these developments have
different impacts on the fertile land from chemical materials such as lead, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, heavy metals, zinc, arsenic and benzene.
38 Bainomugisha et al. (2006).
39 Gordon et al. (2011).
40 Kasimbazi (2012).
41 Kasimbazi (2012).
42 Johnson et al. (2014), p. 28.
43 MEMD (2017), p. 11.
84
W. Kassim
38 in Uganda
that never favored exploration at the time.
Later on in the 1940s and 1950s further exploration was conducted, several
shallow wells were drilled mainly for stratographic purposes.
39 Around 1980s
intensive exploration work was conducted plus aeromagnetic data in 1983 confirmed
the existence of viable sedimentary basins in the Albertine Graben, Lake Kyoga
basin, Lake Wamala basin and Moroto Kadam basin. With these expectations
government enacted the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act in 1985 to
streamline exploration and production of petroleum and related matters.
40
The Act laid a foundation towards licensing several international companies plus
the subsequent seismic surveys and drilling. When the Petroleum Exploration and
Production Department (PEPD) replaced the Petroleum Unit, the PEPD conducted
aeromagnetic surveys
41 and in 1993 comprehensive petroleum (exploration and
Productions Regulations) were passed. Since then international companies that
have embarked on exploration include Fina (Production Sharing Agreement signed
with government in 1991), Heritage oil & Gas Ltd in 1997 for exploration Area
3, Australia’s Hardman Resources in 2001 for exploration Area 2, Dominion
Uganda Ltd, Energy Africa and Neptune Petroleum.
42
Currently there are three major companies conducting extensive exploration and
have Production licences in the Albertine and include Tullow Uganda Operations
pty LTD, CNOOC (U) LTD, Total E&P Uganda B.V and in a PSA signed on 14th
September 2017 an exploration Licence was issued to Armour Energy Ltd for the
344 square km kanywataba field.
43
3 Oil Development and Associated Impacts on Land
in the Graben
Developments such as roads, airports, pipelines and refinery infrastructures degrade
land and fragment habitats in the Albertine Graben. All these developments have
different impacts on the fertile land from chemical materials such as lead, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, heavy metals, zinc, arsenic and benzene.
38 Bainomugisha et al. (2006).
39 Gordon et al. (2011).
40 Kasimbazi (2012).
41 Kasimbazi (2012).
42 Johnson et al. (2014), p. 28.
43 MEMD (2017), p. 11.
84
W. Kassim