In Common Wealth of Puerto Rico V SS Zoe Colocotroni,
71 the federal Court of
Appeals upheld in part a district court’s award of damages for the cleanup costs of an
oil spill against a tanker.
The effects of an oil spill are immense thus the need to set stringent measures to
avert it is prudent for any state. In the US the Exxon Valdez spill led to the passing of
the Oil Pollution Act,
72 the Santa Barbara Spill
73 was to the National Environment
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
74 and the Coastal Zone Management Act.
75
3.2.2 Waste Dumping
The Albertine Environment necessitates for proper waste management to avoid
polluting the land, wildlife and the general ecology of the area. During oil activities,
produced water plus various well treatment chemicals added during production and
extraction are trapped underground along with crude that eventually rises to the
surface and later separated as part of the oil extraction process. The produced water
mixed with oil and grease is then discharged overboard or injected back for secondary oil recovery.
The processes produce solid and liquid wastes that contain materials such as
grease, phenolic compounds, cyanide, sulphide, suspended solids, chromium, and
biological oxygen demanding organic matter.
76
In 2012 NEMA issued Operational Waste Management Guidelines for oil and gas
operations. They seek to decide on the most appropriate disposal route, both
environmental and economic costs and benefits need to be considered. The decision
should be reached taking into account all the costs and impacts associated with waste
disposal, including those associated with the movement of waste.
77 Wherever
possible the Proximity Principle should be considered, it recognizes that transporting
waste has environmental, social and economic costs so as a general rule; waste
should be dealt with as near to the place of production as possible.
71 United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit- 628 F.2d 652 (1981).
72 Often called the OPA 90 passed by senate without a single dissenting vote, even though attempts
to strengthen oil spill laws had foundered for years until then. Perhaps the extent of the Exxon
Valdez spill juxtaposed against the west and east coasts, explains the unanimity.
73 Occurred January 28th, 1969 as Union Oil Drilled the 5th well on it Platform A in the channel, the
well blew out. Eleven days passed before the well was plugged and some 24,000 to 71,000 barrels
of oil spilled into the channel and onto nearby beaches.
74 Enacted 1969.
75 Coastal Zone Management Act 1973.
76 Stevens (2014).
77 Operational Waste Management Guidelines for Oil and Gas Operations, p. 3.
Land Conservation in the Albertine Graben Region of Uganda: A Critical. . .
89
71 the federal Court of
Appeals upheld in part a district court’s award of damages for the cleanup costs of an
oil spill against a tanker.
The effects of an oil spill are immense thus the need to set stringent measures to
avert it is prudent for any state. In the US the Exxon Valdez spill led to the passing of
the Oil Pollution Act,
72 the Santa Barbara Spill
73 was to the National Environment
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
74 and the Coastal Zone Management Act.
75
3.2.2 Waste Dumping
The Albertine Environment necessitates for proper waste management to avoid
polluting the land, wildlife and the general ecology of the area. During oil activities,
produced water plus various well treatment chemicals added during production and
extraction are trapped underground along with crude that eventually rises to the
surface and later separated as part of the oil extraction process. The produced water
mixed with oil and grease is then discharged overboard or injected back for secondary oil recovery.
The processes produce solid and liquid wastes that contain materials such as
grease, phenolic compounds, cyanide, sulphide, suspended solids, chromium, and
biological oxygen demanding organic matter.
76
In 2012 NEMA issued Operational Waste Management Guidelines for oil and gas
operations. They seek to decide on the most appropriate disposal route, both
environmental and economic costs and benefits need to be considered. The decision
should be reached taking into account all the costs and impacts associated with waste
disposal, including those associated with the movement of waste.
77 Wherever
possible the Proximity Principle should be considered, it recognizes that transporting
waste has environmental, social and economic costs so as a general rule; waste
should be dealt with as near to the place of production as possible.
71 United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit- 628 F.2d 652 (1981).
72 Often called the OPA 90 passed by senate without a single dissenting vote, even though attempts
to strengthen oil spill laws had foundered for years until then. Perhaps the extent of the Exxon
Valdez spill juxtaposed against the west and east coasts, explains the unanimity.
73 Occurred January 28th, 1969 as Union Oil Drilled the 5th well on it Platform A in the channel, the
well blew out. Eleven days passed before the well was plugged and some 24,000 to 71,000 barrels
of oil spilled into the channel and onto nearby beaches.
74 Enacted 1969.
75 Coastal Zone Management Act 1973.
76 Stevens (2014).
77 Operational Waste Management Guidelines for Oil and Gas Operations, p. 3.
Land Conservation in the Albertine Graben Region of Uganda: A Critical. . .
89