Contemporary Threats to the Development of Sustainable Urban Tourism
153
order to limit negative effects of tourism on the environment as well as promoting
the preservation of local and traditional values. The adopted goals and tasks, along
with the applied sustainable development indicators, should apply to both short and
long-term activities (Castellani and Sala 2010).Risk associated with the policy should
be taken into account in the process of task implemention.One of the most common
barriers to the practical implementation of sustainable tourism policy is the relation between economic priorities and social and environmental issues. This barrier
is, among others, strongly associated with the short-term policy of local authorities,
determined by their term of office. Therefore, short-term goals dominate. Policies for
sustainable urban tourism require close coordination of municipal self-government
with tourism economy entities and entities representing other economic sectors,
i.e., transport, housing, environmental protection and resource protection, as well as
institutions dealing with the fiscal system, social affairs and resource management
(Dodds and Butler 2019). According to the document adopted by OECD countries
(Policy Statement—Tourism Policies for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth 2017),
tourism economy in the context of sustainable development should be treated as an
engine of inclusive growth, creating high-quality jobs, business opportunities and
regional development, mitigating negative impact on local communities and better
dissemination of benefits in the city economy as well as among residents and tourists.
The policy of sustainable urban tourism development should be long-term and
lead to an attempt to limit the impact of threats on the functioning of urban tourism
economy. These activities should be based on the introduction of policy instruments
(economic, administrative and legal, promotional and informational) and indicators for the assessment of sustainable development, ultimately affecting the offer of
tourism enterprises, tourists’ purchasing behaviour, and the ratio and mutual relations between tourists and residents in order to limit negative effects of threats that
affect consolidation and development of sustainable urban tourism.
7 Conclusion
On the basis of the analyses of issues related to sustainable urban tourism in the face
of existing threats, the causes of these phenomena were identified, distinguishing
those of an exogenous and endogenous nature and those which, depending on their
detailed nature, concern both aspects. One of the most important problems of modern
tourism, especially urban destinations, is overtourism. These issues have not been
characterized. They result from mass tourism and are widely and thoroughly analysed in the literature (Dodds and Butler 2019; Seraphin et al. 2019; Goodwin 2017;
Panasiuk 2019a). A less perceived problem related to the functioning of urban tourist
destinations are the issues of the condition of the natural environment, an example
of which is, among others, air quality. Problems with smog are slightly taken into
account by tourists when choosing urban destinations, as evidenced by the presented
results of empirical research. From the viewpoint of a tourist coming from Poland
and living in a large urban agglomeration, experiences regarding the state of air
153
order to limit negative effects of tourism on the environment as well as promoting
the preservation of local and traditional values. The adopted goals and tasks, along
with the applied sustainable development indicators, should apply to both short and
long-term activities (Castellani and Sala 2010).Risk associated with the policy should
be taken into account in the process of task implemention.One of the most common
barriers to the practical implementation of sustainable tourism policy is the relation between economic priorities and social and environmental issues. This barrier
is, among others, strongly associated with the short-term policy of local authorities,
determined by their term of office. Therefore, short-term goals dominate. Policies for
sustainable urban tourism require close coordination of municipal self-government
with tourism economy entities and entities representing other economic sectors,
i.e., transport, housing, environmental protection and resource protection, as well as
institutions dealing with the fiscal system, social affairs and resource management
(Dodds and Butler 2019). According to the document adopted by OECD countries
(Policy Statement—Tourism Policies for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth 2017),
tourism economy in the context of sustainable development should be treated as an
engine of inclusive growth, creating high-quality jobs, business opportunities and
regional development, mitigating negative impact on local communities and better
dissemination of benefits in the city economy as well as among residents and tourists.
The policy of sustainable urban tourism development should be long-term and
lead to an attempt to limit the impact of threats on the functioning of urban tourism
economy. These activities should be based on the introduction of policy instruments
(economic, administrative and legal, promotional and informational) and indicators for the assessment of sustainable development, ultimately affecting the offer of
tourism enterprises, tourists’ purchasing behaviour, and the ratio and mutual relations between tourists and residents in order to limit negative effects of threats that
affect consolidation and development of sustainable urban tourism.
7 Conclusion
On the basis of the analyses of issues related to sustainable urban tourism in the face
of existing threats, the causes of these phenomena were identified, distinguishing
those of an exogenous and endogenous nature and those which, depending on their
detailed nature, concern both aspects. One of the most important problems of modern
tourism, especially urban destinations, is overtourism. These issues have not been
characterized. They result from mass tourism and are widely and thoroughly analysed in the literature (Dodds and Butler 2019; Seraphin et al. 2019; Goodwin 2017;
Panasiuk 2019a). A less perceived problem related to the functioning of urban tourist
destinations are the issues of the condition of the natural environment, an example
of which is, among others, air quality. Problems with smog are slightly taken into
account by tourists when choosing urban destinations, as evidenced by the presented
results of empirical research. From the viewpoint of a tourist coming from Poland
and living in a large urban agglomeration, experiences regarding the state of air