List of Figures
Fig. 2.1
The map of Albania and its geographical position (centered
at the latitude 41° 00′ north of the equator and the longitude
20° 00′ east of Greenwich). Blue dots—the 1st sampling
transect (St. 1–14). Green dots—the 2nd sampling transect
(St. 15–33). Red dots—the 3rd sampling transect
(St. 34–47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 2.2
The map of sampling sites (2010) moss survey: a 62 sampling
sites, b 47 sampling sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 2.3
Views from sampling sites and moss sample Hypnium
Cupressiforme (Hedv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 2.4
Views from sample preparation: a drying process,
b the cleaned sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 3.1
The histograms of data distribution and the predicted normal
distribution curves of V, Mo, Ag and P (other elements
are shown in the Appendix, Fig. A.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fig. 3.2
EWMA charts of concentration data after excluding the outlier
sites (when CV% > 50%, indexed as Me_1 in the graph,
N = 47—the number of outlier sites) and of original data
(for CV% < 50%, indexed as Me in the graph, N = 47)
(other elements are shown in the Appendix, Fig. A.2) . . . . . . . . 27
Fig. 3.3
GIS maps of metal distributions in moss samples of 2010
AMS. a Al, b Fe, c As, d Cd, e Cr, f Ni, g Sc, h Ce, i Pb, j Zn,
k Cl, l Na, m Br, n Mn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Fig. 3.4
Spatial analysis plot of Al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fig. 3.5
Spatial analysis plot of Fe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fig. 3.6
Spatial analysis plot of Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fig. 3.7
Spatial analysis plot of Ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Fig. 3.8
Spatial analysis plot of Zr and Hf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fig. 3.9
Spatial analysis plots of Sc, La, Ce and Yb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 3.10 Linear regression plots of La versus Ce, La versus Sm, La
versus Tb, La versus Yb, La versus Sc, and La versus U. . . . . . 40
xxi
Fig. 2.1
The map of Albania and its geographical position (centered
at the latitude 41° 00′ north of the equator and the longitude
20° 00′ east of Greenwich). Blue dots—the 1st sampling
transect (St. 1–14). Green dots—the 2nd sampling transect
(St. 15–33). Red dots—the 3rd sampling transect
(St. 34–47) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 2.2
The map of sampling sites (2010) moss survey: a 62 sampling
sites, b 47 sampling sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 2.3
Views from sampling sites and moss sample Hypnium
Cupressiforme (Hedv.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 2.4
Views from sample preparation: a drying process,
b the cleaned sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 3.1
The histograms of data distribution and the predicted normal
distribution curves of V, Mo, Ag and P (other elements
are shown in the Appendix, Fig. A.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fig. 3.2
EWMA charts of concentration data after excluding the outlier
sites (when CV% > 50%, indexed as Me_1 in the graph,
N = 47—the number of outlier sites) and of original data
(for CV% < 50%, indexed as Me in the graph, N = 47)
(other elements are shown in the Appendix, Fig. A.2) . . . . . . . . 27
Fig. 3.3
GIS maps of metal distributions in moss samples of 2010
AMS. a Al, b Fe, c As, d Cd, e Cr, f Ni, g Sc, h Ce, i Pb, j Zn,
k Cl, l Na, m Br, n Mn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Fig. 3.4
Spatial analysis plot of Al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fig. 3.5
Spatial analysis plot of Fe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Fig. 3.6
Spatial analysis plot of Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fig. 3.7
Spatial analysis plot of Ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Fig. 3.8
Spatial analysis plot of Zr and Hf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Fig. 3.9
Spatial analysis plots of Sc, La, Ce and Yb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 3.10 Linear regression plots of La versus Ce, La versus Sm, La
versus Tb, La versus Yb, La versus Sc, and La versus U. . . . . . 40
xxi