135
the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, so the investigation of additional samples from
this area is necessary to better understand the diversity of L. songarica.
3.16 Ligularia stenocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura
& Koidzumi
Bohlmann and his associates studied the French L. stenocephala (sample 1,
Table 19) and isolated 2-isopropenyl-5,6-dimethoxybenzofuran (954) and the germacratriene 758 [13]. In another early study, Takahashi’s group studied sample 2
and purified benzofuran 954 [267]. Sample 3 from Henan Province, China, produced three aromatic compounds (913, 915, and 950), two eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (795 and 796; major constituent), and three triterpenoids (gummosogenin
6 (837), friedelanol (843), and friedelin (845)) [243]. Kikuchi and Yaoita studied the
chemical constituents of sample 4 (Fukushima Japan) and isolated three benzofurans, namely, (−)-hydroxytremetone (940), euparin (952), and 954, along with three
dimeric benzofurans, ligulacephalin A (971), ligulacephalin B (972), and ligulacephalin C (970) [264]. The new compounds ligulacephalins A–C (970–972) each
Fig. 59 Monoterpenoids
Chemical Constituents of Ligularia Species (Asteraceae) and Their Diversity…
the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, so the investigation of additional samples from
this area is necessary to better understand the diversity of L. songarica.
3.16 Ligularia stenocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura
& Koidzumi
Bohlmann and his associates studied the French L. stenocephala (sample 1,
Table 19) and isolated 2-isopropenyl-5,6-dimethoxybenzofuran (954) and the germacratriene 758 [13]. In another early study, Takahashi’s group studied sample 2
and purified benzofuran 954 [267]. Sample 3 from Henan Province, China, produced three aromatic compounds (913, 915, and 950), two eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (795 and 796; major constituent), and three triterpenoids (gummosogenin
6 (837), friedelanol (843), and friedelin (845)) [243]. Kikuchi and Yaoita studied the
chemical constituents of sample 4 (Fukushima Japan) and isolated three benzofurans, namely, (−)-hydroxytremetone (940), euparin (952), and 954, along with three
dimeric benzofurans, ligulacephalin A (971), ligulacephalin B (972), and ligulacephalin C (970) [264]. The new compounds ligulacephalins A–C (970–972) each
Fig. 59 Monoterpenoids
Chemical Constituents of Ligularia Species (Asteraceae) and Their Diversity…