62
M. D. Alba-Rodríguez et al.
this type of eco-efficient systems into the urban networks. The results of the impact of
an urban space renovation project applying water-sensitive urban design techniques
are shown by evaluating the nature of the materials to be incorporated in the work,
the hydrological design of the project, its suitability for the urban environment and
its capacity to adapt to future scenarios, evaluating both direct and indirect water.
Likewise, the calculation of the WF developed by Hoekstra and Chapagain, generally applied to the agricultural sector, is also adapted to the estimation of the water
balance of urban systems with the presence of green areas. The methodology incorporates local biophysical, climatic and temporal data, together with the specific data
of the project to calculate the water consumption in the urban area derived from the
re-naturalization of urban areas, which has been little explored until now, and to have
a measurable indicator to quantify economic and environmental impacts, applicable
to the construction sector. In the analysis of the results, it is worth highlighting how
the scenarios in which water-sensitive urban design technologies are incorporated
presents higher WF values (increased by 1.7 times), referring to the materials and
execution of the works than a project in which these design technologies are not
applied. The saving of water resources during the use and maintenance phases is
82% per year. The balance means that, at the end of the life cycle, 66% less WF is
accumulated and the amortization in terms of water of the infrastructures occurs in
year 4.
Keywords Water footprint in urbanization · Sustainable urban systems · Urban
systems of sustainable drainage
Glossary
ACCD
Andalusia construction cost database
AP
Auxiliary prices
ARDITEC Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica (Architecture: Design and Technique)
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BP
Basic prices
BREEAM Building research establishment environmental assessment method
CF
Carbon footprint
CHG
Confederación Hidrográfica Guadalquivir (Guadalquivir Hydrographic
Confederation)
CTE
Código Técnico de la Edificación (Building Technical Code)
CUP
Complex unit prices
DC
Direct costs
EF
Ecological footprint
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
IC
Indirect costs
IGM
Instituto Geológico Minero de España (Geological Mining Institute)
LCA
Life cycle analysis
M. D. Alba-Rodríguez et al.
this type of eco-efficient systems into the urban networks. The results of the impact of
an urban space renovation project applying water-sensitive urban design techniques
are shown by evaluating the nature of the materials to be incorporated in the work,
the hydrological design of the project, its suitability for the urban environment and
its capacity to adapt to future scenarios, evaluating both direct and indirect water.
Likewise, the calculation of the WF developed by Hoekstra and Chapagain, generally applied to the agricultural sector, is also adapted to the estimation of the water
balance of urban systems with the presence of green areas. The methodology incorporates local biophysical, climatic and temporal data, together with the specific data
of the project to calculate the water consumption in the urban area derived from the
re-naturalization of urban areas, which has been little explored until now, and to have
a measurable indicator to quantify economic and environmental impacts, applicable
to the construction sector. In the analysis of the results, it is worth highlighting how
the scenarios in which water-sensitive urban design technologies are incorporated
presents higher WF values (increased by 1.7 times), referring to the materials and
execution of the works than a project in which these design technologies are not
applied. The saving of water resources during the use and maintenance phases is
82% per year. The balance means that, at the end of the life cycle, 66% less WF is
accumulated and the amortization in terms of water of the infrastructures occurs in
year 4.
Keywords Water footprint in urbanization · Sustainable urban systems · Urban
systems of sustainable drainage
Glossary
ACCD
Andalusia construction cost database
AP
Auxiliary prices
ARDITEC Arquitectura: Diseño y Técnica (Architecture: Design and Technique)
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
BP
Basic prices
BREEAM Building research establishment environmental assessment method
CF
Carbon footprint
CHG
Confederación Hidrográfica Guadalquivir (Guadalquivir Hydrographic
Confederation)
CTE
Código Técnico de la Edificación (Building Technical Code)
CUP
Complex unit prices
DC
Direct costs
EF
Ecological footprint
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
IC
Indirect costs
IGM
Instituto Geológico Minero de España (Geological Mining Institute)
LCA
Life cycle analysis