Verifiable Water Use Inventory Using ICT …
3
P
Gross precipitation (mm)
PWP
Permanent wilting point
q e
Emitters flown (L/h)
RAW
Readily available water (mm)
RDI
Regulated deficit irrigation strategy
RIS
Relative water supply
Rs in
Solar radiation inside greenhouse (mm)
Rs out
Outdoor solar radiation (mm)
SDI
Sustained deficit irrigation strategy
TAW
Total available water (mm)
t t
Theoretical irrigation time (hours)
t r
Real irrigation time (hours)
WA g
Irrigation water applied during the crop growing (m
3 /ha)
WA p
Amount of water use in different crop management practices (m
3 /ha)
WFA blue Blue water footprint applied (m
3 /t)
WF blue
Blue component of the water footprint of the crop (m
3 /t)
WF C
Crop water footprint (m
3 /t)
WF green
Green component of the water footprint of the crop (m
3 /t)
WFN
Water footprint network
wm
Number of water meters installed in a farm
Y
Crop yield (t/ha)
Zr
Root depth (m)
1 Introduction
Water has a fundamental role in the development of humanity. Economic growth,
poverty reduction, human health and environmental conservation are closely linked
to water resource use [51].
Increasing demand for freshwater has become one of the world’s greatest and
most complex challenges [31]. It is necessary to restore the balance between the
demand and the increasingly limited supply of water resources. If this balance is
not achieved, the world will face a situation of growing water scarcity that could
affect more than two-thirds of the world’s population by 2025 [50]. In addition to the
natural factors which affect water resource availability, human activity has become
the main driver of water pressures. Freshwater demand is driven by different factors
such as world population growth, climate change, water policies and legislation,
technological innovation processes and socioeconomic factors [50].
Irrigated agriculture is the largest human activity using freshwater resources. 70%
of the world’s freshwater withdrawals are used for agricultural production [13]. The
demand for freshwater in the agricultural sector is driven by the demand for food to
meet the population’s needs.
3
P
Gross precipitation (mm)
PWP
Permanent wilting point
q e
Emitters flown (L/h)
RAW
Readily available water (mm)
RDI
Regulated deficit irrigation strategy
RIS
Relative water supply
Rs in
Solar radiation inside greenhouse (mm)
Rs out
Outdoor solar radiation (mm)
SDI
Sustained deficit irrigation strategy
TAW
Total available water (mm)
t t
Theoretical irrigation time (hours)
t r
Real irrigation time (hours)
WA g
Irrigation water applied during the crop growing (m
3 /ha)
WA p
Amount of water use in different crop management practices (m
3 /ha)
WFA blue Blue water footprint applied (m
3 /t)
WF blue
Blue component of the water footprint of the crop (m
3 /t)
WF C
Crop water footprint (m
3 /t)
WF green
Green component of the water footprint of the crop (m
3 /t)
WFN
Water footprint network
wm
Number of water meters installed in a farm
Y
Crop yield (t/ha)
Zr
Root depth (m)
1 Introduction
Water has a fundamental role in the development of humanity. Economic growth,
poverty reduction, human health and environmental conservation are closely linked
to water resource use [51].
Increasing demand for freshwater has become one of the world’s greatest and
most complex challenges [31]. It is necessary to restore the balance between the
demand and the increasingly limited supply of water resources. If this balance is
not achieved, the world will face a situation of growing water scarcity that could
affect more than two-thirds of the world’s population by 2025 [50]. In addition to the
natural factors which affect water resource availability, human activity has become
the main driver of water pressures. Freshwater demand is driven by different factors
such as world population growth, climate change, water policies and legislation,
technological innovation processes and socioeconomic factors [50].
Irrigated agriculture is the largest human activity using freshwater resources. 70%
of the world’s freshwater withdrawals are used for agricultural production [13]. The
demand for freshwater in the agricultural sector is driven by the demand for food to
meet the population’s needs.