Editors
J. Aravind
Department of Civil EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering
Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology
Omalur, Tamil Nadu, India
M. Kamaraj
Department of Biotechnology
College of Biological and Chemical
Engineering
Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
M. Prashanthi Devi
Department of Environmental
Management
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Rajakumar
Department of Marine Biotechnology
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
ISBN 978-3-030-63574-9
ISBN 978-3-030-63575-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63575-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland
AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
J. Aravind
Department of Civil EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering
Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology
Omalur, Tamil Nadu, India
M. Kamaraj
Department of Biotechnology
College of Biological and Chemical
Engineering
Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
M. Prashanthi Devi
Department of Environmental
Management
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
S. Rajakumar
Department of Marine Biotechnology
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
ISBN 978-3-030-63574-9
ISBN 978-3-030-63575-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63575-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland
AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland