2.2.4 Phytodegradation
Phytodegradation is defined as the process by which the plants can synthesize
enzymes that can degrade the contaminants from soil and water (Sumiahadi and
Acar 2018). This method has a higher ability to degrade the contaminants faster and
effectively.
2.2.5 Phytovolatalization
Phytovolatalization is defined as the process by which the plant takes up the
contaminant and releases the altered form of the contaminant into the atmosphere.
Thus it reduces the level of contamination. The process is carried out when the plant
uptakes the water along with contaminants. The leaves can absorb the contaminant
and convert into a gaseous state further released in the air at low concentration
(Erakhrumen and Agbontalor 2007; Erdei et al. 2005).
2.2.6 Rhizodegradation
Many microorganism are present in the roots of plants. They have a symbiotic
relationship with particular plants. The rhizodegradation is defined as the process
by which the enzymes secreted by these microbes help in the degradation of heavy
metals and the treatment of wastewater. (Sumiahadi and Acar 2018). Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of such microbes which helps in the removal
of heavy metal in bio augmented plants (Afzal et al. 2014).
2.3 Selection of Plants for Remediation
Many kinds of research have described the ability of plants as an accumulator of
heavy metals from soil and water which are contaminated. Since the efficacy of
remediation depends on certain properties and functions of the bioremediating plant,
it is important to select the appropriate one for the treatment (Sumiahadi and Acar
2018).
According to Lasat (2000), The consideration for selection are the following:
• The biomass of the plant, the remediation rate of heavy metal is proportional to
the biomass of the plant.
• Protection of Ecosystem, Native species must be selected which can be helpful in
bio conservation.
• The deep-rooted plants would be appropriate for the contamination of soil and
water which helps the removal of contaminants that are invasive.
16 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using Salvina Molesta – A Freshwater. . .
341
Phytodegradation is defined as the process by which the plants can synthesize
enzymes that can degrade the contaminants from soil and water (Sumiahadi and
Acar 2018). This method has a higher ability to degrade the contaminants faster and
effectively.
2.2.5 Phytovolatalization
Phytovolatalization is defined as the process by which the plant takes up the
contaminant and releases the altered form of the contaminant into the atmosphere.
Thus it reduces the level of contamination. The process is carried out when the plant
uptakes the water along with contaminants. The leaves can absorb the contaminant
and convert into a gaseous state further released in the air at low concentration
(Erakhrumen and Agbontalor 2007; Erdei et al. 2005).
2.2.6 Rhizodegradation
Many microorganism are present in the roots of plants. They have a symbiotic
relationship with particular plants. The rhizodegradation is defined as the process
by which the enzymes secreted by these microbes help in the degradation of heavy
metals and the treatment of wastewater. (Sumiahadi and Acar 2018). Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of such microbes which helps in the removal
of heavy metal in bio augmented plants (Afzal et al. 2014).
2.3 Selection of Plants for Remediation
Many kinds of research have described the ability of plants as an accumulator of
heavy metals from soil and water which are contaminated. Since the efficacy of
remediation depends on certain properties and functions of the bioremediating plant,
it is important to select the appropriate one for the treatment (Sumiahadi and Acar
2018).
According to Lasat (2000), The consideration for selection are the following:
• The biomass of the plant, the remediation rate of heavy metal is proportional to
the biomass of the plant.
• Protection of Ecosystem, Native species must be selected which can be helpful in
bio conservation.
• The deep-rooted plants would be appropriate for the contamination of soil and
water which helps the removal of contaminants that are invasive.
16 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using Salvina Molesta – A Freshwater. . .
341