Sulaymon AH, Mohammed AA, Al-Musawi TJ (2013) Column biosorption of lead, cadmium,
copper, and arsenic ions onto algae. J Bioproces Biotech 3:128. https://doi.org/10.4172/21559821.1000128
Suman D (2012) Biosorption of chromium and nickel by dried biomass of cyanobacterium
Oscillatoria laete-virens. Int J Environ Sci 3:341–352. https://doi.org/10.6088/ijes.
2012030131032
Suresh A, Benor S 2020 Microalgae-based biomass production for control of air pollutants. In:
From biofiltration to promising options in gaseous fluxes biotreatment, 2020 January 1. Elsevier,
pp 345–372
Suresh A, Tamilvanan S, Harini K et al (2019) Feasibility of cattle urine as nutrient medium for the
microalgal biomass production. Globl J Environ Sci Manag 5(4):441–448. https://doi.org/10.
22034/GJESM.2019.04.04
Sutkowy M, Kłosowski G (2018) Use of the coenobial green algae Pseudopediastrum boryanum
(Chlorophyceae) to remove hexavalent chromium from contaminated aquatic ecosystems and
industrial wastewaters. Water 10(6):712. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060712
Szivák I, Behra R, Sigg L (2009) Metal-induced reactive oxygen species production in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae). J Phycol 45:427–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1529-8817.2009.00663.x
Takeda H (1996) Cell wall sugars of some Scenedesmus species. Phytochemistry 42(3):673–675.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00952-3
Tamilselvan N, Saurav K, Kannabiran K (2011) Biosorption of selected toxic heavy metals using
algal species Acathopora spicefera. Pharmacology 1:518–528. https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/207043961
Tüzün İ, Bayramoğlu G, Yalçın E, Başaran G, Çelik G, Arıca MY (2005) Equilibrium and kinetic
studies on biosorption of Hg(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions onto microalgae Chlamydomonas
reinhardtii. J Environ Manag 77:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.028
Ucun H, Bayhan YK, Kaya Y, Cakici A, Algur OF (2002) Biosorption of chromium (VI) from
aqueous solution by cone biomass of Pinus sylvestris. Bioresour Technol 85(2):155–158.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00086-X
United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2020). https://www.epa.gov/groundwa
ter-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations
Utomo HD, Tan KXD, Choong ZYD, Yu JJ, Ong JJ, Lim ZB (2016) Biosorption of heavy metal by
algae biomass in surface water. J Environ Prot 7(11):1547–1560. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.
2016.711128
Villaescusa I, Fiol N, Martinez M, Miralles N, Poch J, Serarols J (2004) Removal of copper and
nickel ions from aqueous solutions by grape stalks wastes. Water Res 38(4):992–1002. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.040
Wu J, Ma LL, Zeng RJ (2018) Role of extracellular polymeric substances in efficient chromium
(VI) removal by algae-based Fe/C nano-composite. Chemosphere 211:608–616. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.186
Yaqub A, Mughal MS, Adnan A, Khan WA, Anjum KM (2012) Biosorption of hexavalent
chromium by Spirogyra spp.: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. J Anim Plant Sci
22:408–415
Yee N, Benning LG, Phoenix R, Ferris FG (2004) Characterization of metalÀ cyanobacteria
sorption reactions: a combined macroscopic and infrared spectroscopic investigation. Environ
Sci Technol 38(3):775–782. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0346680
Zeraatkar AK, Ahmadzadeh H, Talebi AF, Moheimani NR, McHenry MP (2016) The potential use
of algae for heavy metal bioremediation, a critical review. J Environ Manag 181:817–831.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.059
13 Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals, Factors Involved and Mechanisms Related. . .
289
copper, and arsenic ions onto algae. J Bioproces Biotech 3:128. https://doi.org/10.4172/21559821.1000128
Suman D (2012) Biosorption of chromium and nickel by dried biomass of cyanobacterium
Oscillatoria laete-virens. Int J Environ Sci 3:341–352. https://doi.org/10.6088/ijes.
2012030131032
Suresh A, Benor S 2020 Microalgae-based biomass production for control of air pollutants. In:
From biofiltration to promising options in gaseous fluxes biotreatment, 2020 January 1. Elsevier,
pp 345–372
Suresh A, Tamilvanan S, Harini K et al (2019) Feasibility of cattle urine as nutrient medium for the
microalgal biomass production. Globl J Environ Sci Manag 5(4):441–448. https://doi.org/10.
22034/GJESM.2019.04.04
Sutkowy M, Kłosowski G (2018) Use of the coenobial green algae Pseudopediastrum boryanum
(Chlorophyceae) to remove hexavalent chromium from contaminated aquatic ecosystems and
industrial wastewaters. Water 10(6):712. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10060712
Szivák I, Behra R, Sigg L (2009) Metal-induced reactive oxygen species production in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae). J Phycol 45:427–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1529-8817.2009.00663.x
Takeda H (1996) Cell wall sugars of some Scenedesmus species. Phytochemistry 42(3):673–675.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00952-3
Tamilselvan N, Saurav K, Kannabiran K (2011) Biosorption of selected toxic heavy metals using
algal species Acathopora spicefera. Pharmacology 1:518–528. https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/207043961
Tüzün İ, Bayramoğlu G, Yalçın E, Başaran G, Çelik G, Arıca MY (2005) Equilibrium and kinetic
studies on biosorption of Hg(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions onto microalgae Chlamydomonas
reinhardtii. J Environ Manag 77:85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.028
Ucun H, Bayhan YK, Kaya Y, Cakici A, Algur OF (2002) Biosorption of chromium (VI) from
aqueous solution by cone biomass of Pinus sylvestris. Bioresour Technol 85(2):155–158.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00086-X
United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2020). https://www.epa.gov/groundwa
ter-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations
Utomo HD, Tan KXD, Choong ZYD, Yu JJ, Ong JJ, Lim ZB (2016) Biosorption of heavy metal by
algae biomass in surface water. J Environ Prot 7(11):1547–1560. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.
2016.711128
Villaescusa I, Fiol N, Martinez M, Miralles N, Poch J, Serarols J (2004) Removal of copper and
nickel ions from aqueous solutions by grape stalks wastes. Water Res 38(4):992–1002. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.040
Wu J, Ma LL, Zeng RJ (2018) Role of extracellular polymeric substances in efficient chromium
(VI) removal by algae-based Fe/C nano-composite. Chemosphere 211:608–616. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.186
Yaqub A, Mughal MS, Adnan A, Khan WA, Anjum KM (2012) Biosorption of hexavalent
chromium by Spirogyra spp.: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. J Anim Plant Sci
22:408–415
Yee N, Benning LG, Phoenix R, Ferris FG (2004) Characterization of metalÀ cyanobacteria
sorption reactions: a combined macroscopic and infrared spectroscopic investigation. Environ
Sci Technol 38(3):775–782. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0346680
Zeraatkar AK, Ahmadzadeh H, Talebi AF, Moheimani NR, McHenry MP (2016) The potential use
of algae for heavy metal bioremediation, a critical review. J Environ Manag 181:817–831.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.059
13 Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals, Factors Involved and Mechanisms Related. . .
289