References
Al-Qodah Z, Al-Shannag M, Amro A, Bob M, Bani-Melhem K, Alkasrawi M (2017) Impact of
surface modification of green algal biomass by phosphorylation on the removal of copper
(II) ions from water. Turk J Chem 41:190–208. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1605-38
Anastopoulos I, Kyzas GZ (2015) Progress in batch biosorption of heavy metals onto algae. J Mol
Liq 209:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.023
Arıca MY, Tüzün İ, Yalçın E, İnce Ö, Bayramoğlu G (2005) Utilisation of native, heat and acid
treated microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii preparations for biosorption of Cr (VI) ions.
Process Biochem 40:2351–2358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.09.008
Bai RS, Abraham TE (2002) Studies on enhancement of Cr (VI) biosorption by chemically
modified biomass of Rhizopus nigricans. Water Res 36(5):1224–1236. https://doi.org/10.
1016/s0043-1354(01)00330-x
Bansal A, Shinde O, Sarkar S (2018) Industrial wastewater treatment using phycoremediation
technologies and co-production of value-added products. J Bioremed Biodegr 9:01. https://
doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000428
Belattmania Z, Tahiri S, Zrid R, Reani A, Elatouani S, Loukili H, Hassouani M, El Krati M,
Bentiss F, Sabour B (2015) Bioremoval of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by the
brown seaweed Dictyopteris polypodioides. Res J Environ Toxicol 9:218–230. https://doi.org/
10.3923/rjet.2015
Benning LG, Phoenix VR, Yee N, Tobin MJ (2004) Molecular characterization of cyanobacterial
silicification using synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68
(4):729–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00489-7
Bilal M, Rasheed T, Sosa-Hernández JE, Raza A, Nabeel F, Iqbal H (2018) Biosorption: an
interplay between marine algae and potentially toxic elements – a review. Mar Drug 16:65.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md16020065
Birungi ZS, Chirwa EMN (2017) Bioreduction of thallium and cadmium toxicity from industrial
wastewater using microalgae. Chem Eng Trans 57:1183–1188. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/
63986
Birungi ZS, Chirwa E (2018) Bioremediation of toxic metals and recovery of target metals from
actual wastewater using algal sorbents. Chem Eng Trans 64:535–540. https://doi.org/10.3303/
CET1864090
Boddu VM, Abburi K, Talbott JL, Smith ED (2003) Removal of hexavalent chromium from
wastewater using a new composite chitosan biosorbent. Environ Sci Technol 37
(19):4449–4456. https://doi.org/10.1021/es021013a
Brahmbhatt N, Patel R, Jasrai RT (2013) Heavy metal accumulation in Oscillatoria sp. induced a
biochemical response. Adv Appl Sci Res 4:182–185. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7bd4/
27a7f94eb9759a542644139353838a2c2e0d.pdf
Brinza L, Dring MJ, Gavrilescu M (2007) Marine micro and macroalgal species as biosorbents for
heavy metals. Environ Eng Manag J 6:237–251
Cabatingan LK, Agapay RC, Rakels JL, Ottens M, van der Wielen LA (2001) Potential of
biosorption for the recovery of chromate in industrial wastewaters. Ind Eng Chem Res 40
(2302):2309. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0008575
Chen CY, Chang HW, Kao PC, Pan JL, Chang JS (2012) Biosorption of cadmium by CO2 fixing
microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N. Bioresour Technol 105:74–80. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biortech.2011.11.124
Chen F, Chen BD, Gan GJ, Zhang L, Liang Y, Wu SK (2016) Biosorption of Zn2+ and Ni2+, Cu2+
by four kinds of active microalgae. J Mater Sci Chem Eng 4:12–19. https://doi.org/10.4236/
msce.2016.411002
Chu WL (2012) Biotechnological applications of microalgae. IeJSME 6:24–37. https://core.ac.uk/
download/pdf/25811683.pdf
Das C, Ramaiah N, Pereira E, Naseera K (2018) Efficient bioremediation of tannery wastewater by
monostrains and consortium of marine Chlorella sp. and Phormidium sp. Int J Phytoremediation
20(3):284–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1374338
13 Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals, Factors Involved and Mechanisms Related. . .
285
Al-Qodah Z, Al-Shannag M, Amro A, Bob M, Bani-Melhem K, Alkasrawi M (2017) Impact of
surface modification of green algal biomass by phosphorylation on the removal of copper
(II) ions from water. Turk J Chem 41:190–208. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1605-38
Anastopoulos I, Kyzas GZ (2015) Progress in batch biosorption of heavy metals onto algae. J Mol
Liq 209:77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.023
Arıca MY, Tüzün İ, Yalçın E, İnce Ö, Bayramoğlu G (2005) Utilisation of native, heat and acid
treated microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii preparations for biosorption of Cr (VI) ions.
Process Biochem 40:2351–2358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.09.008
Bai RS, Abraham TE (2002) Studies on enhancement of Cr (VI) biosorption by chemically
modified biomass of Rhizopus nigricans. Water Res 36(5):1224–1236. https://doi.org/10.
1016/s0043-1354(01)00330-x
Bansal A, Shinde O, Sarkar S (2018) Industrial wastewater treatment using phycoremediation
technologies and co-production of value-added products. J Bioremed Biodegr 9:01. https://
doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000428
Belattmania Z, Tahiri S, Zrid R, Reani A, Elatouani S, Loukili H, Hassouani M, El Krati M,
Bentiss F, Sabour B (2015) Bioremoval of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by the
brown seaweed Dictyopteris polypodioides. Res J Environ Toxicol 9:218–230. https://doi.org/
10.3923/rjet.2015
Benning LG, Phoenix VR, Yee N, Tobin MJ (2004) Molecular characterization of cyanobacterial
silicification using synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68
(4):729–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00489-7
Bilal M, Rasheed T, Sosa-Hernández JE, Raza A, Nabeel F, Iqbal H (2018) Biosorption: an
interplay between marine algae and potentially toxic elements – a review. Mar Drug 16:65.
https://doi.org/10.3390/md16020065
Birungi ZS, Chirwa EMN (2017) Bioreduction of thallium and cadmium toxicity from industrial
wastewater using microalgae. Chem Eng Trans 57:1183–1188. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/
63986
Birungi ZS, Chirwa E (2018) Bioremediation of toxic metals and recovery of target metals from
actual wastewater using algal sorbents. Chem Eng Trans 64:535–540. https://doi.org/10.3303/
CET1864090
Boddu VM, Abburi K, Talbott JL, Smith ED (2003) Removal of hexavalent chromium from
wastewater using a new composite chitosan biosorbent. Environ Sci Technol 37
(19):4449–4456. https://doi.org/10.1021/es021013a
Brahmbhatt N, Patel R, Jasrai RT (2013) Heavy metal accumulation in Oscillatoria sp. induced a
biochemical response. Adv Appl Sci Res 4:182–185. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7bd4/
27a7f94eb9759a542644139353838a2c2e0d.pdf
Brinza L, Dring MJ, Gavrilescu M (2007) Marine micro and macroalgal species as biosorbents for
heavy metals. Environ Eng Manag J 6:237–251
Cabatingan LK, Agapay RC, Rakels JL, Ottens M, van der Wielen LA (2001) Potential of
biosorption for the recovery of chromate in industrial wastewaters. Ind Eng Chem Res 40
(2302):2309. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0008575
Chen CY, Chang HW, Kao PC, Pan JL, Chang JS (2012) Biosorption of cadmium by CO2 fixing
microalga Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N. Bioresour Technol 105:74–80. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biortech.2011.11.124
Chen F, Chen BD, Gan GJ, Zhang L, Liang Y, Wu SK (2016) Biosorption of Zn2+ and Ni2+, Cu2+
by four kinds of active microalgae. J Mater Sci Chem Eng 4:12–19. https://doi.org/10.4236/
msce.2016.411002
Chu WL (2012) Biotechnological applications of microalgae. IeJSME 6:24–37. https://core.ac.uk/
download/pdf/25811683.pdf
Das C, Ramaiah N, Pereira E, Naseera K (2018) Efficient bioremediation of tannery wastewater by
monostrains and consortium of marine Chlorella sp. and Phormidium sp. Int J Phytoremediation
20(3):284–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1374338
13 Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals, Factors Involved and Mechanisms Related. . .
285