Chapter 10
A Harmless Approach on Textile Effluent
Detoxification: Bioremediation and Recent
Strategies
Kavitha Rajan, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy,
and Melkamu Kifetew Merine
Abstract Wastewater effluents, particularly, from textile industries deepened with
high level of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as binders, surfactants, dyes,
acids, salts, thickeners, reducing agents, etc. Since the uptake of some kind of
synthetic dyes by the fibers is quite low, the presence of dyes in the wastewaters is
immensely high. Such kind of extremely colored wastewaters harshly affects the
photosynthetic function of receiving water bodies and makes a severe negative
impact on aquatic life because of oxygen depletion and diminishing penetration of
light. Due to their toxicity, it may be lethal to certain forms of marine life. Therefore,
such wastewaters must be subjected to treat before discharge. Different researchers
have suggested various cutting-edge innovations using physicochemical and biochemical methods to treat the effluents from dye manufacturing and textile industries. Though the traditional treatment techniques, physical and chemical treatments,
are feasible for decolorization, they yet require more energy and chemicals. In
addition, these techniques result the accumulated contaminants into liquid or solid
side streams that necessitate extra-treatment strategies for anticipated disposal. On
other hand, the biological approaches are proven to be less expensive and harmless
to the environment. In this process, different microbes including fungi, bacteria, and
algae are used, which can completely mineralize pollutants. Keeping in the view, this
chapter focuses to discuss on the different factors effecting the biological removal of
dye, microorganisms involved and mechanism of biodegradation of dyes, application of enzymes. Additionally, the genetically engineered cultures in biological dye
removal have also been discussed.
K. Rajan
Department of Textile Technology, Federal Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
V. P. Sundramurthy (*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
M. K. Merine
Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Aravind et al. (eds.), Strategies and Tools for Pollutant Mitigation,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63575-6_10
195
A Harmless Approach on Textile Effluent
Detoxification: Bioremediation and Recent
Strategies
Kavitha Rajan, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy,
and Melkamu Kifetew Merine
Abstract Wastewater effluents, particularly, from textile industries deepened with
high level of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as binders, surfactants, dyes,
acids, salts, thickeners, reducing agents, etc. Since the uptake of some kind of
synthetic dyes by the fibers is quite low, the presence of dyes in the wastewaters is
immensely high. Such kind of extremely colored wastewaters harshly affects the
photosynthetic function of receiving water bodies and makes a severe negative
impact on aquatic life because of oxygen depletion and diminishing penetration of
light. Due to their toxicity, it may be lethal to certain forms of marine life. Therefore,
such wastewaters must be subjected to treat before discharge. Different researchers
have suggested various cutting-edge innovations using physicochemical and biochemical methods to treat the effluents from dye manufacturing and textile industries. Though the traditional treatment techniques, physical and chemical treatments,
are feasible for decolorization, they yet require more energy and chemicals. In
addition, these techniques result the accumulated contaminants into liquid or solid
side streams that necessitate extra-treatment strategies for anticipated disposal. On
other hand, the biological approaches are proven to be less expensive and harmless
to the environment. In this process, different microbes including fungi, bacteria, and
algae are used, which can completely mineralize pollutants. Keeping in the view, this
chapter focuses to discuss on the different factors effecting the biological removal of
dye, microorganisms involved and mechanism of biodegradation of dyes, application of enzymes. Additionally, the genetically engineered cultures in biological dye
removal have also been discussed.
K. Rajan
Department of Textile Technology, Federal Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
V. P. Sundramurthy (*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
M. K. Merine
Department of Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Aravind et al. (eds.), Strategies and Tools for Pollutant Mitigation,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63575-6_10
195