In this chapter, nuclear power plants were not discussed due to the high risk of
unexpected accidents. Safety cannot be guaranteed, even when using the latest
technology. The present government in Japan is aiming to rework nuclear power
plants in cooperation with related enterprises. Furthermore, a huge budget is required
to establish posttreatment processes for used nuclear fuel.
Given this context, it is vital to develop clean energy generation systems, instead
of nuclear power plants and thermal energy power plants that use fossil fuels. In
order to facilitate such a movement, national policies should be developed in Japan
with reference to international activities discussed in the Conferences of the Parties
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In
conclusion, the research and development of clean energy generation systems should
be facilitated based on regional characteristics. Collaboration between developed
and developing countries will also be vital to realize a global low-carbon society.
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