guiding principles would facilitate efficient and cost-effective collaborative global
learning on CCS. Therefore, organizations, countries, and companies should set up a
mechanism for cooperation regarding environmentally friendly technologies. Such a
mechanism would balance economic and environmental benefits.
Carbon capture technologies are vital to make CCS viable. However, commercialization of CCS project operation is impeded by limitations including CO 2
sources and geological conditions. Other challenges include lack of policy and
economic drivers, restrictions due to local laws and international conventions, and
environmental concerns surrounding escape of carbon from storage (Meyer et al.
2005; Ying et al. 2010; Quintella et al. 2011; IEA 2013). Therefore, advanced
technology is not a sufficient condition for a CCS project. For example, many
so-called low-tech but oil-rich countries should develop more CO 2 EOR projects.
Increasing numbers of CCS projects should be introduced as soon as possible in
countries like the United States and China, the largest developed and developing
countries, respectively. Both of these countries own more carbon capture patents, are
oil (gas)-producing countries, depend heavily on coal as a fuel, and have vast
territories and waters that increase the likelihood of finding appropriate geologic
formations for CCS.
There are some limitations to the methodology in this chapter. First, we reviewed
patent counts, but this introduces some biases as patent count does not represent the
whole portfolio of patent analysis. Second, there may be some biases in making
cross-country comparisons using top 50 or top 10 assignee codes rather than all
assignees. Third, the research methods do not allow detailed discussion of phenomena such as international technology diffusion.
References
Acs ZJ, Anselin L, Varga A (2002) Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional
production of new knowledge. Res Policy 31:1069–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333
(01)00184-6
Albino V, Ardito L, Dangelico RM, Messeni PA (2014) Understanding the development trends of
low-carbon energy technologies: a patent analysis. Appl Energ 135:836–854. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.012
Dechezlepretre A, Glachant M, Hascic I, Johnstone N, Meniere Y (2009) Invention and transfer of
climate change mitigation technologies on a global scale: a study drawing on patent data
Ernst H (1997) The use of patent data for technological forecasting: the diffusion of
CNC-technology in the machine tool industry. Small Bus Econ 9:361–381. https://doi.org/10.
1023/A:1007921808138
Griliches Z (1990) Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. J Econom Lit 28:1661–1707.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(10)02009-5
Hong M, Wei Z, Lucheng H (2013) Research on carbon capture and storage technology development based on patent citation. J Intell 32
IEA (2013) Carbon capture and storage technology roadmap (2013 Edition)
IEA (2012) Energy technology perspectives 2012
IPCC (2008) Climate change 2007 synthesis report. https://doi.org/10.1256/004316502320517344
168
H. Liu et al.
learning on CCS. Therefore, organizations, countries, and companies should set up a
mechanism for cooperation regarding environmentally friendly technologies. Such a
mechanism would balance economic and environmental benefits.
Carbon capture technologies are vital to make CCS viable. However, commercialization of CCS project operation is impeded by limitations including CO 2
sources and geological conditions. Other challenges include lack of policy and
economic drivers, restrictions due to local laws and international conventions, and
environmental concerns surrounding escape of carbon from storage (Meyer et al.
2005; Ying et al. 2010; Quintella et al. 2011; IEA 2013). Therefore, advanced
technology is not a sufficient condition for a CCS project. For example, many
so-called low-tech but oil-rich countries should develop more CO 2 EOR projects.
Increasing numbers of CCS projects should be introduced as soon as possible in
countries like the United States and China, the largest developed and developing
countries, respectively. Both of these countries own more carbon capture patents, are
oil (gas)-producing countries, depend heavily on coal as a fuel, and have vast
territories and waters that increase the likelihood of finding appropriate geologic
formations for CCS.
There are some limitations to the methodology in this chapter. First, we reviewed
patent counts, but this introduces some biases as patent count does not represent the
whole portfolio of patent analysis. Second, there may be some biases in making
cross-country comparisons using top 50 or top 10 assignee codes rather than all
assignees. Third, the research methods do not allow detailed discussion of phenomena such as international technology diffusion.
References
Acs ZJ, Anselin L, Varga A (2002) Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional
production of new knowledge. Res Policy 31:1069–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333
(01)00184-6
Albino V, Ardito L, Dangelico RM, Messeni PA (2014) Understanding the development trends of
low-carbon energy technologies: a patent analysis. Appl Energ 135:836–854. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.012
Dechezlepretre A, Glachant M, Hascic I, Johnstone N, Meniere Y (2009) Invention and transfer of
climate change mitigation technologies on a global scale: a study drawing on patent data
Ernst H (1997) The use of patent data for technological forecasting: the diffusion of
CNC-technology in the machine tool industry. Small Bus Econ 9:361–381. https://doi.org/10.
1023/A:1007921808138
Griliches Z (1990) Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. J Econom Lit 28:1661–1707.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(10)02009-5
Hong M, Wei Z, Lucheng H (2013) Research on carbon capture and storage technology development based on patent citation. J Intell 32
IEA (2013) Carbon capture and storage technology roadmap (2013 Edition)
IEA (2012) Energy technology perspectives 2012
IPCC (2008) Climate change 2007 synthesis report. https://doi.org/10.1256/004316502320517344
168
H. Liu et al.