(vi) Bulking Material. Refer to available materials that will meet your
C/N ratio, how they have been tested, and comparison to current
practices.
(vii) pH Control. Provide optimal pH and how that will be maintained.
(viii) Unacceptable Materials. Explain what is unacceptable for the latrine
and how those will be kept out (i.e., corn cobs, trash, etc.).
(ix) Aeration. Explain how aeration will be provided for aerobic digestion and whether compost will be turned manually and whether
bulking material will be necessary.
(x) Sun-Drying. Calculate storage volume and space to ensure the family
can make it to the next dry season if this method is to be used which
greatly reduces pathogens.
(xi) Pathogen-Free Compost. Show how this will be provided and
checked, like by volume decrease, lack of odor, etc.
(l) Pour Flush Latrines Only: Water Source. Explain how owners will get
water and ensure that unsanitary conditions will not occur with a temporary
water shortage.
(m) Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrines Only:
(i) Darkness. Low light should be maintained in the latrine so the brightest
light is through the ventilation pipe, driving flies up the pipe rather than
through the seat.
(ii) Ventilation Rate. For air to come into the stall and out through the
ventilation pipe, there needs to be a relatively open front toward the
prevailing wind with an open seat. Provide for this in the design.
11. Design Drawings. Provide drawings in one set which are consistent with the
calculations.
(a) Site Plan. Plan drawing is at an appropriate scale and includes at least the
following: the outline of the building served by the latrine, the pit, area
topography, property lines, nearby manmade features (nearby latrines,
buildings, fences, areas for special use like cooking or farming, roadways,
major walkways, etc.), and nearby natural features (trees, drainage areas,
steep slopes). Site grading is included. Note distances from important items
like dwellings and water sources as listed above.
(b) Pit Foundation. Provide foundation dimensions, reinforcement, formwork,
and cement mix ratio.
(c) Pit Structure. This includes detailed structural drawings at appropriate scale.
(i) Walls (if necessary). With a concrete or masonry block pit, include the
foundation and wall configuration, as well as reinforcing bars and
corner bars and dowels. If present, include details of roof hatch with
consideration for practicality of removing hatch. Include securable
access points and screened vents, as applicable.
2 Village-Driven Latrines with “Engineers Without Borders USA”
45
C/N ratio, how they have been tested, and comparison to current
practices.
(vii) pH Control. Provide optimal pH and how that will be maintained.
(viii) Unacceptable Materials. Explain what is unacceptable for the latrine
and how those will be kept out (i.e., corn cobs, trash, etc.).
(ix) Aeration. Explain how aeration will be provided for aerobic digestion and whether compost will be turned manually and whether
bulking material will be necessary.
(x) Sun-Drying. Calculate storage volume and space to ensure the family
can make it to the next dry season if this method is to be used which
greatly reduces pathogens.
(xi) Pathogen-Free Compost. Show how this will be provided and
checked, like by volume decrease, lack of odor, etc.
(l) Pour Flush Latrines Only: Water Source. Explain how owners will get
water and ensure that unsanitary conditions will not occur with a temporary
water shortage.
(m) Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrines Only:
(i) Darkness. Low light should be maintained in the latrine so the brightest
light is through the ventilation pipe, driving flies up the pipe rather than
through the seat.
(ii) Ventilation Rate. For air to come into the stall and out through the
ventilation pipe, there needs to be a relatively open front toward the
prevailing wind with an open seat. Provide for this in the design.
11. Design Drawings. Provide drawings in one set which are consistent with the
calculations.
(a) Site Plan. Plan drawing is at an appropriate scale and includes at least the
following: the outline of the building served by the latrine, the pit, area
topography, property lines, nearby manmade features (nearby latrines,
buildings, fences, areas for special use like cooking or farming, roadways,
major walkways, etc.), and nearby natural features (trees, drainage areas,
steep slopes). Site grading is included. Note distances from important items
like dwellings and water sources as listed above.
(b) Pit Foundation. Provide foundation dimensions, reinforcement, formwork,
and cement mix ratio.
(c) Pit Structure. This includes detailed structural drawings at appropriate scale.
(i) Walls (if necessary). With a concrete or masonry block pit, include the
foundation and wall configuration, as well as reinforcing bars and
corner bars and dowels. If present, include details of roof hatch with
consideration for practicality of removing hatch. Include securable
access points and screened vents, as applicable.
2 Village-Driven Latrines with “Engineers Without Borders USA”
45