Acid rain regulations (cont.)
NO x emissions, 285
sulfur dioxide pollution, 286
sulfur emissions, 286
US EPA, 287
Acid solution, 154
Acidic deposition, 289
Acidogensis, 330
Activated carbon, 301
Activation technique, 376
Active scanners, 200
Adaptive sampling strategy, 217
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 423
Adsorbent, 385, 406
Adsorbent dosage, 379, 380
Adsorbent materials, 403
Adsorbents, 395, 403, 404
agricultural waste, 395 (see Agricultural
waste-derived adsorbents)
heavy metals (see Heavy metals)
Adsorption, 385, 403, 404, 406
Adsorption capacity, 386
Adsorption isotherms, 383–385
Adsorption process, heavy metals
adsorbent dosage, 379, 380
adsorption isotherms, 383–385
equilibrium time, 380, 381
initial concentration, 379
kinetic models, 382, 383
solution pH, 378, 379
temperature, 380, 381
Aeration, 270, 305
Aerosol, 9, 24
Agricultural and agri-food industrial wastes,
326
Agricultural inputs, 103
Agricultural waste-derived adsorbents
activation technique, 376
adsorbents, 375
authentic state, 376
biochar adsorbent, 377
biomass wastes, 375
grafting techniques, 377
heavy metal pollution, water, 374
heavy metals (see Heavy metals)
magnetic biochar, 377, 378
magnetic biological adsorbents, 377
methods, 374
nanostructure, 377
removal, heavy metals, 376
thermal conversion, 376
use of chemicals reduces, 375
Agricultural wastes, 386
Agroecosystem, 217
Agro-food industrial wastewater, 326
Agro-food waste, 326
Aid neutralization capacity (ANC), 297
Air pollutants, 3, 279
Air pollution, 3, 24
Air pollution control, 25
Air systems, 270
Albers map projection, 217
Aircraft, 200
Algae, 263, 264, 300, 305, 306
Algae removal, 301
Alum, 272
Alum addition, 269
Alum injection system, 269
Aluminum, 268, 278
Aluminum salts, 272
American Water Works Association (AWWA),
110, 241
Anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes, 348
Anaerobic digestion, 325, 357
acetogenesis, 330, 331
acidogensis, 330
fermentation, 330
homoacetogens, 331
hydrolysis, 329, 330
liquefaction, 329, 330
methanogenesis, 331
microorganisms, 328, 329
organic waste and producing methane, 328
symbiotic relationship, 328
Anaerobic mixed culture, 325
Anaerobic sludge, 347, 349
Ancillary data, 217
Anionic, 386
Annual statistical summary, 217
Anthropogenic, 25
Animal dung, 349
Antiferromagnetism, 399, 400
Anti-scaling technique, 396
Appropriate technology, 40
AquaDAF, 307
AquaDAF system
hydraulic flocculation, 301
lake water treatment, 306
Aquatic ecosystem, 386
Area frame, 217–218
Area sample, 218
Arid ecosystems, 218
Ar-Riyadh Development Authority (ADA), 250
Artificial light, 135, 138
Artificial magnets, 396
Assessment, 218
Assessment endpoint, 218
Association rule, 218
430
Index
NO x emissions, 285
sulfur dioxide pollution, 286
sulfur emissions, 286
US EPA, 287
Acid solution, 154
Acidic deposition, 289
Acidogensis, 330
Activated carbon, 301
Activation technique, 376
Active scanners, 200
Adaptive sampling strategy, 217
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 423
Adsorbent, 385, 406
Adsorbent dosage, 379, 380
Adsorbent materials, 403
Adsorbents, 395, 403, 404
agricultural waste, 395 (see Agricultural
waste-derived adsorbents)
heavy metals (see Heavy metals)
Adsorption, 385, 403, 404, 406
Adsorption capacity, 386
Adsorption isotherms, 383–385
Adsorption process, heavy metals
adsorbent dosage, 379, 380
adsorption isotherms, 383–385
equilibrium time, 380, 381
initial concentration, 379
kinetic models, 382, 383
solution pH, 378, 379
temperature, 380, 381
Aeration, 270, 305
Aerosol, 9, 24
Agricultural and agri-food industrial wastes,
326
Agricultural inputs, 103
Agricultural waste-derived adsorbents
activation technique, 376
adsorbents, 375
authentic state, 376
biochar adsorbent, 377
biomass wastes, 375
grafting techniques, 377
heavy metal pollution, water, 374
heavy metals (see Heavy metals)
magnetic biochar, 377, 378
magnetic biological adsorbents, 377
methods, 374
nanostructure, 377
removal, heavy metals, 376
thermal conversion, 376
use of chemicals reduces, 375
Agricultural wastes, 386
Agroecosystem, 217
Agro-food industrial wastewater, 326
Agro-food waste, 326
Aid neutralization capacity (ANC), 297
Air pollutants, 3, 279
Air pollution, 3, 24
Air pollution control, 25
Air systems, 270
Albers map projection, 217
Aircraft, 200
Algae, 263, 264, 300, 305, 306
Algae removal, 301
Alum, 272
Alum addition, 269
Alum injection system, 269
Aluminum, 268, 278
Aluminum salts, 272
American Water Works Association (AWWA),
110, 241
Anaerobic and aerobic treatment processes, 348
Anaerobic digestion, 325, 357
acetogenesis, 330, 331
acidogensis, 330
fermentation, 330
homoacetogens, 331
hydrolysis, 329, 330
liquefaction, 329, 330
methanogenesis, 331
microorganisms, 328, 329
organic waste and producing methane, 328
symbiotic relationship, 328
Anaerobic mixed culture, 325
Anaerobic sludge, 347, 349
Ancillary data, 217
Anionic, 386
Annual statistical summary, 217
Anthropogenic, 25
Animal dung, 349
Antiferromagnetism, 399, 400
Anti-scaling technique, 396
Appropriate technology, 40
AquaDAF, 307
AquaDAF system
hydraulic flocculation, 301
lake water treatment, 306
Aquatic ecosystem, 386
Area frame, 217–218
Area sample, 218
Arid ecosystems, 218
Ar-Riyadh Development Authority (ADA), 250
Artificial light, 135, 138
Artificial magnets, 396
Assessment, 218
Assessment endpoint, 218
Association rule, 218
430
Index