wastes have exhibited the potential usage as an adsorbent to remove contaminants
from water environment which conserve the natural environment and resources
mainly in the ecology system sustainably, for the reason that this utilization converts
the agricultural wastes into value-added product and at the same time decontaminate
polluted water source. This application on the utilization of agricultural wastes is not
only good for a sustainable environment but is also suitable for rural economic
development, meaning possible increases in profit for farmers and the agricultural
industry. This chapter provides insight on some findings on heavy metal removal by
adsorbents produced from agricultural wastes. The chapter also discusses the situation of the heavy metals in the environment, parameters affecting the adsorption
process of the heavy metals, kinetic models, and adsorption isotherms that are
associated with the agricultural waste-derived adsorbents. The development of the
adsorbents from agricultural waste biomass and the prospect of developing hybrid
adsorbent and magnetic adsorbent have attracted many researchers worldwide in
performing research work on the application to water and wastewater treatment.
Keywords Agriculture · Agricultural wastes · Adsorbents · Heavy metals ·
Kinetics · Adsorption isotherm · Equilibrium time · Adsorbent dosage · Solution pH ·
Kinetic model
Nomenclature
α
Initial adsorption rate in mg/gÁmin unit
β
Desorption constant in g/mg unit
ɛ
Polanyi potential
Al
Aluminium
As
Arsenic
As(III)
Arsenite
As(V)
Arsenate
B(II)
Boron(II) cation
Cd
Cadmium
Cd(II), Cd
2+
Cadmium(II) cation
Cd(OH)
+
Cadmium hydroxide ion in its +1 oxidation state
C 0
Initial concentration of the solution in mg/L unit
C c
Equilibrium concentration in mg/L unit
C i
Initial concentration in mg/L unit
Co
Cobalt
Co(II)
Cobalt (II) ion
Co-Fe-MBC Cobalt-iron-magnetic biochar
Co(NO 3 ) 2
Cobaltous nitrate
Cu
Copper
Cu(II)
Copper (II) cation
Cr
Chromium
Cr(III)
Chromium (III)
372
S.-F. Lim et al.
from water environment which conserve the natural environment and resources
mainly in the ecology system sustainably, for the reason that this utilization converts
the agricultural wastes into value-added product and at the same time decontaminate
polluted water source. This application on the utilization of agricultural wastes is not
only good for a sustainable environment but is also suitable for rural economic
development, meaning possible increases in profit for farmers and the agricultural
industry. This chapter provides insight on some findings on heavy metal removal by
adsorbents produced from agricultural wastes. The chapter also discusses the situation of the heavy metals in the environment, parameters affecting the adsorption
process of the heavy metals, kinetic models, and adsorption isotherms that are
associated with the agricultural waste-derived adsorbents. The development of the
adsorbents from agricultural waste biomass and the prospect of developing hybrid
adsorbent and magnetic adsorbent have attracted many researchers worldwide in
performing research work on the application to water and wastewater treatment.
Keywords Agriculture · Agricultural wastes · Adsorbents · Heavy metals ·
Kinetics · Adsorption isotherm · Equilibrium time · Adsorbent dosage · Solution pH ·
Kinetic model
Nomenclature
α
Initial adsorption rate in mg/gÁmin unit
β
Desorption constant in g/mg unit
ɛ
Polanyi potential
Al
Aluminium
As
Arsenic
As(III)
Arsenite
As(V)
Arsenate
B(II)
Boron(II) cation
Cd
Cadmium
Cd(II), Cd
2+
Cadmium(II) cation
Cd(OH)
+
Cadmium hydroxide ion in its +1 oxidation state
C 0
Initial concentration of the solution in mg/L unit
C c
Equilibrium concentration in mg/L unit
C i
Initial concentration in mg/L unit
Co
Cobalt
Co(II)
Cobalt (II) ion
Co-Fe-MBC Cobalt-iron-magnetic biochar
Co(NO 3 ) 2
Cobaltous nitrate
Cu
Copper
Cu(II)
Copper (II) cation
Cr
Chromium
Cr(III)
Chromium (III)
372
S.-F. Lim et al.