5 Bioreactors Types and Configuration for H 2 Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
6 Cost of Dark Fermentative H 2 Production from Industrial Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
7 Future Research on Biohydrogen Production from Industrial Waste Dark
Fermentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Abstract Industrial organic waste from food processing, livestock production,
brewery, bakery, and other related industries is a renewable substrate for anaerobic
digestion to produce methane (CH 4 ) or with some process manipulation and control
to produce hydrogen (H 2 ). Type of waste, its strength, presence of any toxic
compounds, and other specific characteristics affect the operating conditions such
as organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, substrate pretreatment, as well as
the yield and the rate of H 2 production from industrial waste. Therefore, they need to
be optimized for each waste. Research is required on the modeling, cost analysis,
economic evaluation, comparative studies about the effect of bioreactor design, as
well as on combining several industrial wastes to prepare a well-balanced substrate
for H 2 -producing mixed culture dark fermentation.
Keywords Hydrogen · Industrial waste · Mixed cultures · Dark fermentation
Nomenclature
AnSBBR Anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor
AFBR
Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor
ASBR
Anaerobic sequence batch reactor
BESA
2-Bromoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
BOD
Biochemical oxygen demand
CH 4
Methane
CO 2
Carbon dioxide
COD
Chemical oxygen demand
CSTR
Continuous stirred tank reactor
EGSBR
Expanded granular sludge bed reactor
GHG
Greenhouse gas
H 2
Hydrogen
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HRT
Hydraulic retention time
LBR
Leaching bed reactor
LCFAs
Long-chain fatty acids
MCF
Mixed culture anaerobic fermentation
NAD
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
OFMSW Organic fraction of municipal solid waste
OLR
Organic loading rate
324
A. Hajizadeh et al.