region. A demonstration field program is likely to include a group of
pilot research projects to increase the cost-effectiveness of the
program. The demonstration field program does not have a data
quality objective, but the individual pilot and demonstration
research projects do have DQOs.
Demonstration project
A field research project designed to provide preliminary estimates
of a resource condition for a single indicator over a standard federal
region for one or more resource classes. Separate demonstration
projects are defined for each indicator of condition; in a demonstration project, quality data objectives are stated for preliminary statistical estimates.
Design-based
Statistical inferences using methodology based on the sampling
design. Such inferences derive their properties from the design
protocols.
Design-unbiased
Indicates that an estimator is unbiased under the design protocol.
This property does not, however, prevent bias from entering estimates from other sources. Design-unbiased estimators of variance
do not always exist under EMAP designs.
Digital line graph (DLG)
Digital data produced by the US Geological Survey. These data
include digital information from the USGS map base categories
such as transportation, hydrography, contours, and public land
survey boundaries.
Discrete resource
A resource consisting of a collection of distinct units, such as lakes
or stream reaches. Such a resource will be described as a finite
population of such units.
Domain
The areal extent of a resource; the region occupied by a resource.
Double sample
A sample of a sample. Specifically in EMAP, resource attributes
from remote sensing or cartographic materials can be measured on a
larger sample than those attributes requiring field measurements.
Attributes on the former sample can be used to guide selection of
the latter sample.
Ecology
“The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.”
Ecological health
A metaphor used to invoke ideas about the integrity, complexity,
and autonomy of an ecosystem. A definition of ecosystem health as
an actual entity with specific scale has not been resolved; the terms
are useful because they facilitate “a set of rules of thumb, which can
be thought of analogically, for analyzing what is going wrong when
environing (sic) systems undergo rapid change.”
Ecological risk assessment A process that evaluates the likelihood that adverse ecological
effects may occur or are occurring as a result of exposure to one
or more stressors.
Ecoregion
A relatively homogeneous geographic area “perceived by simultaneously analyzing a combination of causal and integrative factors
including land surface form, soils, land uses, and potential natural
vegetation. It defines a mapped classification of ecosystem regions
of the U.S....Ecoregions are generally considered to be the regions
of relative homogeneity in ecological systems or in relationships
between organisms and their environments.”
Ecosystem
The biotic community and its abiotic environment within a specified
location in space and time. “The interacting system of a biological
community and its non-living environmental surroundings.”
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S. O. Darkwah et al.
pilot research projects to increase the cost-effectiveness of the
program. The demonstration field program does not have a data
quality objective, but the individual pilot and demonstration
research projects do have DQOs.
Demonstration project
A field research project designed to provide preliminary estimates
of a resource condition for a single indicator over a standard federal
region for one or more resource classes. Separate demonstration
projects are defined for each indicator of condition; in a demonstration project, quality data objectives are stated for preliminary statistical estimates.
Design-based
Statistical inferences using methodology based on the sampling
design. Such inferences derive their properties from the design
protocols.
Design-unbiased
Indicates that an estimator is unbiased under the design protocol.
This property does not, however, prevent bias from entering estimates from other sources. Design-unbiased estimators of variance
do not always exist under EMAP designs.
Digital line graph (DLG)
Digital data produced by the US Geological Survey. These data
include digital information from the USGS map base categories
such as transportation, hydrography, contours, and public land
survey boundaries.
Discrete resource
A resource consisting of a collection of distinct units, such as lakes
or stream reaches. Such a resource will be described as a finite
population of such units.
Domain
The areal extent of a resource; the region occupied by a resource.
Double sample
A sample of a sample. Specifically in EMAP, resource attributes
from remote sensing or cartographic materials can be measured on a
larger sample than those attributes requiring field measurements.
Attributes on the former sample can be used to guide selection of
the latter sample.
Ecology
“The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.”
Ecological health
A metaphor used to invoke ideas about the integrity, complexity,
and autonomy of an ecosystem. A definition of ecosystem health as
an actual entity with specific scale has not been resolved; the terms
are useful because they facilitate “a set of rules of thumb, which can
be thought of analogically, for analyzing what is going wrong when
environing (sic) systems undergo rapid change.”
Ecological risk assessment A process that evaluates the likelihood that adverse ecological
effects may occur or are occurring as a result of exposure to one
or more stressors.
Ecoregion
A relatively homogeneous geographic area “perceived by simultaneously analyzing a combination of causal and integrative factors
including land surface form, soils, land uses, and potential natural
vegetation. It defines a mapped classification of ecosystem regions
of the U.S....Ecoregions are generally considered to be the regions
of relative homogeneity in ecological systems or in relationships
between organisms and their environments.”
Ecosystem
The biotic community and its abiotic environment within a specified
location in space and time. “The interacting system of a biological
community and its non-living environmental surroundings.”
222
S. O. Darkwah et al.