2.3.6 Treatment Technology and Cost
The BPT varies from one segment of the subcategory to the other. Those achievable,
under step 1, for the fluorescent lamps include sedimentation of phosphor waste
stream, use of lime, coagulant aid and electrolyte for precipitation and sedimentation
in a clarifier, use of vacuum filter for sludge dewatering, and neutralization of the
effluent before discharge. Some of these technologies particularly equalization,
chemical precipitation, and sedimentation are the BPTs recommended under step
1 for the tungsten filament segments, and they have been confirmed to be effective in
the treatment of industrial wastewater [10–19]. Since low volume of wastewater
results from the manufacture of quartz mercury vapor lamps, the recommended
technology is restricted to BPT and includes collection and contract removal.
Suggested BAT, in addition to the recommended BPT in the step 1 above, includes
total recycling of the wet air scrubber waste and phosphor waste stream after
sedimentation for the fluorescent filament segment. The BAT consists of multimedia
filtration, chemical precipitation, clarification, neutralization, pressure filtration, and
reverse osmosis. The total annual unit costs for the fluorescent and tungsten filament
lamp treatment technology involving all the steps are given in Table 4.21.
2.4 Electron Tube Subcategory
2.4.1 Description and Production Process
Early subclassification under the SIC identified this subcategory as electron tube,
which includes receiving-type electron tubes, television picture tube, and transmitting-type electron tubes. However, in recent reclassification [20], the subsector is
addressed as cathode ray tube subcategory where tube glass, color picture tubes,
Table 4.17 (continued)
Pollutant
Flow ¼ 0.40 L/s
Influent
Effluent
Percent removal
Beryllium
5
5
0
Cadmium
68
30
56
Chromium
31,000
11,000
65
Copper
19,000
3,600
81
Lead
1,400
290
79
Mercury
0.5
0.5
0
Nickel
1,900
500
74
Selenium
3.9
2.5
36
Silver
260
59
77
Thallium
440
170
61
Source: [6]
ND not detected, NM not meaningful, NA not analyzed
4 Electrical and Electronic Wastes Treatment
141
The BPT varies from one segment of the subcategory to the other. Those achievable,
under step 1, for the fluorescent lamps include sedimentation of phosphor waste
stream, use of lime, coagulant aid and electrolyte for precipitation and sedimentation
in a clarifier, use of vacuum filter for sludge dewatering, and neutralization of the
effluent before discharge. Some of these technologies particularly equalization,
chemical precipitation, and sedimentation are the BPTs recommended under step
1 for the tungsten filament segments, and they have been confirmed to be effective in
the treatment of industrial wastewater [10–19]. Since low volume of wastewater
results from the manufacture of quartz mercury vapor lamps, the recommended
technology is restricted to BPT and includes collection and contract removal.
Suggested BAT, in addition to the recommended BPT in the step 1 above, includes
total recycling of the wet air scrubber waste and phosphor waste stream after
sedimentation for the fluorescent filament segment. The BAT consists of multimedia
filtration, chemical precipitation, clarification, neutralization, pressure filtration, and
reverse osmosis. The total annual unit costs for the fluorescent and tungsten filament
lamp treatment technology involving all the steps are given in Table 4.21.
2.4 Electron Tube Subcategory
2.4.1 Description and Production Process
Early subclassification under the SIC identified this subcategory as electron tube,
which includes receiving-type electron tubes, television picture tube, and transmitting-type electron tubes. However, in recent reclassification [20], the subsector is
addressed as cathode ray tube subcategory where tube glass, color picture tubes,
Table 4.17 (continued)
Pollutant
Flow ¼ 0.40 L/s
Influent
Effluent
Percent removal
Beryllium
5
5
0
Cadmium
68
30
56
Chromium
31,000
11,000
65
Copper
19,000
3,600
81
Lead
1,400
290
79
Mercury
0.5
0.5
0
Nickel
1,900
500
74
Selenium
3.9
2.5
36
Silver
260
59
77
Thallium
440
170
61
Source: [6]
ND not detected, NM not meaningful, NA not analyzed
4 Electrical and Electronic Wastes Treatment
141