processed mica from one unit to the other. Water usage in this section ranges
between 31,000 and 3,600,000 L/day (minimum to maximum).
2.2.4 Waste Characterization
Investigation of wastewater produced from the above identified plants shows a wide
disparity from one another. An average of 190,000 L/day of wastewater discharged
from plant 30082 in the production of oil-filled capacitors is first sent to an effluent
pool before being discharge. From the pool, the wastewater is filtered through double
media filter system in parallel arrangement before being sent into a pair of carbon
adsorbers and diatomaceous earth filter before being discharged into the environment. Table 4.12 summarizes the characterization data of the plant.
The mica paper plant, plant 43055, uses large volume of water and so wastewater
that is well laden with mica particles is produced. To settle out the mica particles, the
raw waste is made to pass through numbers of settling pond with a calculated settling
period to achieve effective removal. The characterization data for the plant is
presented in Table 4.13.
2.2.5 Wastewater Treatment Processes
Adsorption technology of pollutant removal from industrial wastewater has been
employed by several workers [7–9]. Treatment processes for the removal of pollutants identified in some plants under this subcategory are filtration, adsorption, and
settling or sedimentation. The two recommended primary approaches (levels 1) of
oil skimming are applied to the segments involved in the manufacturing of wet
transformer and oil-filled capacitor, while double-stage sedimentation is
recommended for mica paper dielectric segment. The secondary approach (level 2)
is designed for effective removal of pollutant from the subsector and consists of, in
addition to oil skimming, multimedia filtration, carbon adsorption, and diatomaceous earth filtration. Result of treated effluent showing the effectiveness of the two
approaches is presented in Table 4.14.
2.2.6 Treatment Technologies and Cost
The best practice control technology (BPT) for the subcategory in the treatment of
wastewater includes two-stage sedimentation for mica paper dielectric and oil
skimming for the wet transformers and oil-filled capacitor. Suggested best available
technology (BAT) includes those of the BPT and, in addition, multimedia filtration,
carbon adsorption, and diatomaceous earth filtration. Total annual unit costs for the
two approaches are summarized in the Table 4.15 below.
For the primary approach, the total annual cost is given as 0.002 4/liter for
2,630 liters/min system excluding expenses like lining of ponds and land cost.
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O. S. Amuda et al.
between 31,000 and 3,600,000 L/day (minimum to maximum).
2.2.4 Waste Characterization
Investigation of wastewater produced from the above identified plants shows a wide
disparity from one another. An average of 190,000 L/day of wastewater discharged
from plant 30082 in the production of oil-filled capacitors is first sent to an effluent
pool before being discharge. From the pool, the wastewater is filtered through double
media filter system in parallel arrangement before being sent into a pair of carbon
adsorbers and diatomaceous earth filter before being discharged into the environment. Table 4.12 summarizes the characterization data of the plant.
The mica paper plant, plant 43055, uses large volume of water and so wastewater
that is well laden with mica particles is produced. To settle out the mica particles, the
raw waste is made to pass through numbers of settling pond with a calculated settling
period to achieve effective removal. The characterization data for the plant is
presented in Table 4.13.
2.2.5 Wastewater Treatment Processes
Adsorption technology of pollutant removal from industrial wastewater has been
employed by several workers [7–9]. Treatment processes for the removal of pollutants identified in some plants under this subcategory are filtration, adsorption, and
settling or sedimentation. The two recommended primary approaches (levels 1) of
oil skimming are applied to the segments involved in the manufacturing of wet
transformer and oil-filled capacitor, while double-stage sedimentation is
recommended for mica paper dielectric segment. The secondary approach (level 2)
is designed for effective removal of pollutant from the subsector and consists of, in
addition to oil skimming, multimedia filtration, carbon adsorption, and diatomaceous earth filtration. Result of treated effluent showing the effectiveness of the two
approaches is presented in Table 4.14.
2.2.6 Treatment Technologies and Cost
The best practice control technology (BPT) for the subcategory in the treatment of
wastewater includes two-stage sedimentation for mica paper dielectric and oil
skimming for the wet transformers and oil-filled capacitor. Suggested best available
technology (BAT) includes those of the BPT and, in addition, multimedia filtration,
carbon adsorption, and diatomaceous earth filtration. Total annual unit costs for the
two approaches are summarized in the Table 4.15 below.
For the primary approach, the total annual cost is given as 0.002 4/liter for
2,630 liters/min system excluding expenses like lining of ponds and land cost.
134
O. S. Amuda et al.