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N. Akhtar and P. N. Kuriakose
3.1.1 Disruptive Mobility
Several innovations have come up with the potential to disrupt mobility, thereby
causing major consequences on the transport system, city development, and energy
system. The innovations and trends of disrupted mobility which are majorly responsible for it include Electrification, Shared economy, as well as Automation. The
trends show that none of these new innovations, as of now, have been able to make
any major changes in the existing mobility which is majorly personal vehicle dominated. Some indications showed a decline of motorization in previous years but the
current mobility trends showed a recovery, indicating the main reason of decline to
be the economic factors. Research of Sweden showed that the attitude of customers
toward car-usage and cars, in general, has not changed since the past decade. This
fact was further strengthened by the increase in the number of two-car households.
However, it is undeniable that niches have been emerging in major cities which have
a strong presence of carsharing services, and that they are increasing. The young
people in these countries are taking their driving licenses later than the previous
generation did and vehicle ownership is decreasing moderately.
Shaheen and Christensen [30] defines disruptive technologies as those which have
the worst performance at the start with lower prices as compared to the mainstream
technologies, but due to the technological improvement as well as convenience, they
have the potential to take over the market. This is how disruption might occur from
the market’s lower end. Similarly, a disruption from above might occur as well,
which might have superior performance than the mainstream but is more costly.
These disrupt the market through cost reductions. In terms of transportation, the
term ‘disruptive’ is also interpreted as having the ability to create a major impact,
thereby interrupting the normal course of the system. This might be a shift from the
mobility through a privately owned vehicle, as majorly prevalent today.
Shared mobility describes those transport services, which are shared among the
users and contains various options. Car sharing, both traditional station-based and
free-floating, bikesharing, car rentals, and public transits fall under the term shared
mobility. A public transport company in one of their commercials highlighted that
the features which are being praised in the next-generation mobility are actually
already present in public transport [33]. Carsharing was first established in Switzerland as early as 1948. During World War II, America ran a government campaign
urging its common people to conserve resources and opt for carsharing. Americans,
at that time, owned and drove automobiles more than ever before, which prompted
an urgent need to save oil and gasoline. The only difference today is the convenience
and ease of accessibility to these services, provided by the Internet, GPS, and smartphones. Existing services improved dramatically and new ones were offered due to
the convergence of different technological advances. Nevertheless, the marketing
strategies of these companies and even some municipalities have played a role in
making carsharing services accessible and attractive to the customers. For example,
the city council of Paris started an electric carsharing service by the name of Autolib.
Municipalities, at times, choose not to support such services if the drawbacks feared
N. Akhtar and P. N. Kuriakose
3.1.1 Disruptive Mobility
Several innovations have come up with the potential to disrupt mobility, thereby
causing major consequences on the transport system, city development, and energy
system. The innovations and trends of disrupted mobility which are majorly responsible for it include Electrification, Shared economy, as well as Automation. The
trends show that none of these new innovations, as of now, have been able to make
any major changes in the existing mobility which is majorly personal vehicle dominated. Some indications showed a decline of motorization in previous years but the
current mobility trends showed a recovery, indicating the main reason of decline to
be the economic factors. Research of Sweden showed that the attitude of customers
toward car-usage and cars, in general, has not changed since the past decade. This
fact was further strengthened by the increase in the number of two-car households.
However, it is undeniable that niches have been emerging in major cities which have
a strong presence of carsharing services, and that they are increasing. The young
people in these countries are taking their driving licenses later than the previous
generation did and vehicle ownership is decreasing moderately.
Shaheen and Christensen [30] defines disruptive technologies as those which have
the worst performance at the start with lower prices as compared to the mainstream
technologies, but due to the technological improvement as well as convenience, they
have the potential to take over the market. This is how disruption might occur from
the market’s lower end. Similarly, a disruption from above might occur as well,
which might have superior performance than the mainstream but is more costly.
These disrupt the market through cost reductions. In terms of transportation, the
term ‘disruptive’ is also interpreted as having the ability to create a major impact,
thereby interrupting the normal course of the system. This might be a shift from the
mobility through a privately owned vehicle, as majorly prevalent today.
Shared mobility describes those transport services, which are shared among the
users and contains various options. Car sharing, both traditional station-based and
free-floating, bikesharing, car rentals, and public transits fall under the term shared
mobility. A public transport company in one of their commercials highlighted that
the features which are being praised in the next-generation mobility are actually
already present in public transport [33]. Carsharing was first established in Switzerland as early as 1948. During World War II, America ran a government campaign
urging its common people to conserve resources and opt for carsharing. Americans,
at that time, owned and drove automobiles more than ever before, which prompted
an urgent need to save oil and gasoline. The only difference today is the convenience
and ease of accessibility to these services, provided by the Internet, GPS, and smartphones. Existing services improved dramatically and new ones were offered due to
the convergence of different technological advances. Nevertheless, the marketing
strategies of these companies and even some municipalities have played a role in
making carsharing services accessible and attractive to the customers. For example,
the city council of Paris started an electric carsharing service by the name of Autolib.
Municipalities, at times, choose not to support such services if the drawbacks feared