1 COVID-19: An Opportunity for Smart and Sustainable …
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(v) Digital Data Collection: In the future smart cities and smart regions, smartphones shall be used as the major source of primary data collection instead of
conducting census once in 10 years. Through Global Positioning System (GPS),
the position will be geo-tagged by using internet services. In this way, the real-time
demographic data shall be available with the government along with the updated
contact number and email id of an individual.
(vi) Dissemination of Knowledge: The government will disseminate the knowledge and share useful information to its citizens through e-mails and messages for
better functioning of smart cities. This process will be appropriate to reduce the
transmission of the virus under any pandemic situation as well.
(vii) Contact-Less or No-Touch Policy: The contact-less or no-touch policy shall
be adopted in day-to-day activities so that the transmission of disease under any
adverse circumstances will be reduced. For example: booking online tickets followed
by digital scanning of tickets through smartphones, automated sensor doors in the
buses and at public buildings, voice-operated devices, and so on.
1.7.1 Personal and Non-personal Data
From the research, it is clear that the data plays a vital role in the development of
smart cities and smart regions. So, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the
data and use it without disclosing the personal identity of the citizens. Therefore, the
data categorisation is essential. As per the document of ‘DataSmart Cities: Empowering Cities Through Data’, which has been published by the Government of India
in 2019, the data can broadly be categorised into two categories, i.e. Personal Data
and Non-Personal Data (NPD). (i) Personal data: includes the information related to
individuals, from which the individual can be identified. The information collected
at a different time or from different sources, when collected together can lead to the
identification of an individual, also consider a part of personal data. Such data is
either not published by the government on the open-access platforms under any data
set or must be anonymised before publishing; (ii) Non-Personal Data: consists of
anonymous information, which does not possess any personally identifiable information. The non-personal data can also be prepared by excluding the personal identifier
information from the personal data of an individual. Hence, it is important not to
disclose the identity and maintain the privacy of the citizens.
Therefore, personal and non-personal data has been classified into five levels.
Level 1 constitutes the data, which is available on open access portal for ‘Public
Use’. It is the non-personal information, which can easily be downloaded or seen
by anyone in the country. Level 2 refers to the data available for ‘Internal Use’ of
ULBs. The Level 2 information is available to the ULBs and associated employees
in order to deliver the public services efficiently. Level 3 constitutes the ‘Sensitive
Data’, which has some attributes of individual personal information. At this level, the
data is regulated through the laws and regulations by the ULBs or District or State or
Central such as Privacy Law. Level 4 includes the ‘Protected Data’. It contains all the
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(v) Digital Data Collection: In the future smart cities and smart regions, smartphones shall be used as the major source of primary data collection instead of
conducting census once in 10 years. Through Global Positioning System (GPS),
the position will be geo-tagged by using internet services. In this way, the real-time
demographic data shall be available with the government along with the updated
contact number and email id of an individual.
(vi) Dissemination of Knowledge: The government will disseminate the knowledge and share useful information to its citizens through e-mails and messages for
better functioning of smart cities. This process will be appropriate to reduce the
transmission of the virus under any pandemic situation as well.
(vii) Contact-Less or No-Touch Policy: The contact-less or no-touch policy shall
be adopted in day-to-day activities so that the transmission of disease under any
adverse circumstances will be reduced. For example: booking online tickets followed
by digital scanning of tickets through smartphones, automated sensor doors in the
buses and at public buildings, voice-operated devices, and so on.
1.7.1 Personal and Non-personal Data
From the research, it is clear that the data plays a vital role in the development of
smart cities and smart regions. So, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the
data and use it without disclosing the personal identity of the citizens. Therefore, the
data categorisation is essential. As per the document of ‘DataSmart Cities: Empowering Cities Through Data’, which has been published by the Government of India
in 2019, the data can broadly be categorised into two categories, i.e. Personal Data
and Non-Personal Data (NPD). (i) Personal data: includes the information related to
individuals, from which the individual can be identified. The information collected
at a different time or from different sources, when collected together can lead to the
identification of an individual, also consider a part of personal data. Such data is
either not published by the government on the open-access platforms under any data
set or must be anonymised before publishing; (ii) Non-Personal Data: consists of
anonymous information, which does not possess any personally identifiable information. The non-personal data can also be prepared by excluding the personal identifier
information from the personal data of an individual. Hence, it is important not to
disclose the identity and maintain the privacy of the citizens.
Therefore, personal and non-personal data has been classified into five levels.
Level 1 constitutes the data, which is available on open access portal for ‘Public
Use’. It is the non-personal information, which can easily be downloaded or seen
by anyone in the country. Level 2 refers to the data available for ‘Internal Use’ of
ULBs. The Level 2 information is available to the ULBs and associated employees
in order to deliver the public services efficiently. Level 3 constitutes the ‘Sensitive
Data’, which has some attributes of individual personal information. At this level, the
data is regulated through the laws and regulations by the ULBs or District or State or
Central such as Privacy Law. Level 4 includes the ‘Protected Data’. It contains all the