14 Biodiversity Conservation: An Imperial Need …
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the conservation strategies in practice rather than in theory and the need for conservation has to be ensured in a jiffy as it lays a caveat over human survival. It is achieving
optimum human health through a radical change that protecting biodiversity represents via traditional and modern approaches like Bioremediation, herbal gardens,
seedbanks, and national parks. Environmental contamination poses a great threat to
the deterioration of the environment and involves the use of microbes and higher
non-crop plants to remediate the threats posed by pollutants and contaminants [45,
46]. The bioremediation technique has an immense potential of eliminating health
risks by upgrading knowledge and skills to augment a desirable environmental effect.
Both ex-situ and in situ remediation approaches are enlisted as biological methods
that eliminate contaminants from both below and above the ground. It is the most
economical technology and has tremendous benefits in comparison to any existing
traditional technology. Rhizobial inoculants are involved in active defense mechanism against any potential pathogenic infection caused either by bacteria or viruses.
Genetic engineering has improved the utilization and eliminated toxicity of unwanted
contaminants by creating genetically modified organisms involving R-DNA technology [47]. GEMs have been reported with potential capacities to bioremediate
several chemical toxicities by manipulating metabolic pathways and incrementing
degradation rates of several bacterial strains which are greatly influenced by various
biological agents like pH, aeration, moisture, temperature, and bioavailability of the
pollutant [48]. Furthermore, herbal and medicinal plants are diminishing at a rapid
rate because of the loss of flora at a global level which was reported to develop during
the pandemic lockdown. Both ex-situ and in situ conservation and cultivation practices aid in resource management and accounts for sustainable use through tissue
culture, micropropagation, and seed technology. The aim of preserving herbs and
medicinal plants is because they serve as valuable source of drugs and around 1300
medicinal plants have found wide applications in Europe, 90% of which are harvested
from wild sources [49, 50]. There has been an excessive loss of plant species at an
unexpected rate and Earth is losing at least one potential drug every two years. China,
India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania, and Uganda have experienced an increased risk of
extinction of medicinal plants. Natural reserves and wild nurseries provide natural
habitat to the wild species and prevent overexploitation, habitat fragmentation, and
extinction [51, 52]. The botanic garden is one such form of ex-situ conservation
where a wide species of plants are grown together and contains diverse flora.
Seed banks are a strategy of preserving genetic diversity through seeds and is often
referred to as “Gene Bank.” This strategy became popular due to the need to increase
the yield through crops, developing plant resistant varieties to diseases and droughts.
The Millenium Seed Bank Project at the Royal Gardens in Britain is the most popular
and allows rapid access to plant samples [53]. Extensive protected areas were created
to preserve the natural habitat of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna for
present and future generations. These areas prohibit further exploitation of natural
resources which are environmentally feasible and compatible. National parks account
for a maximum protected area, roughly 23% of total protection. They not only help
to mitigate climate impact but the greenery also contributes to better air quality and
water. There is evidence that suggests how parks are linked to health, for example;
343
the conservation strategies in practice rather than in theory and the need for conservation has to be ensured in a jiffy as it lays a caveat over human survival. It is achieving
optimum human health through a radical change that protecting biodiversity represents via traditional and modern approaches like Bioremediation, herbal gardens,
seedbanks, and national parks. Environmental contamination poses a great threat to
the deterioration of the environment and involves the use of microbes and higher
non-crop plants to remediate the threats posed by pollutants and contaminants [45,
46]. The bioremediation technique has an immense potential of eliminating health
risks by upgrading knowledge and skills to augment a desirable environmental effect.
Both ex-situ and in situ remediation approaches are enlisted as biological methods
that eliminate contaminants from both below and above the ground. It is the most
economical technology and has tremendous benefits in comparison to any existing
traditional technology. Rhizobial inoculants are involved in active defense mechanism against any potential pathogenic infection caused either by bacteria or viruses.
Genetic engineering has improved the utilization and eliminated toxicity of unwanted
contaminants by creating genetically modified organisms involving R-DNA technology [47]. GEMs have been reported with potential capacities to bioremediate
several chemical toxicities by manipulating metabolic pathways and incrementing
degradation rates of several bacterial strains which are greatly influenced by various
biological agents like pH, aeration, moisture, temperature, and bioavailability of the
pollutant [48]. Furthermore, herbal and medicinal plants are diminishing at a rapid
rate because of the loss of flora at a global level which was reported to develop during
the pandemic lockdown. Both ex-situ and in situ conservation and cultivation practices aid in resource management and accounts for sustainable use through tissue
culture, micropropagation, and seed technology. The aim of preserving herbs and
medicinal plants is because they serve as valuable source of drugs and around 1300
medicinal plants have found wide applications in Europe, 90% of which are harvested
from wild sources [49, 50]. There has been an excessive loss of plant species at an
unexpected rate and Earth is losing at least one potential drug every two years. China,
India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania, and Uganda have experienced an increased risk of
extinction of medicinal plants. Natural reserves and wild nurseries provide natural
habitat to the wild species and prevent overexploitation, habitat fragmentation, and
extinction [51, 52]. The botanic garden is one such form of ex-situ conservation
where a wide species of plants are grown together and contains diverse flora.
Seed banks are a strategy of preserving genetic diversity through seeds and is often
referred to as “Gene Bank.” This strategy became popular due to the need to increase
the yield through crops, developing plant resistant varieties to diseases and droughts.
The Millenium Seed Bank Project at the Royal Gardens in Britain is the most popular
and allows rapid access to plant samples [53]. Extensive protected areas were created
to preserve the natural habitat of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna for
present and future generations. These areas prohibit further exploitation of natural
resources which are environmentally feasible and compatible. National parks account
for a maximum protected area, roughly 23% of total protection. They not only help
to mitigate climate impact but the greenery also contributes to better air quality and
water. There is evidence that suggests how parks are linked to health, for example;