300
G. Palani et al.
surrounding/air in day to day life, but it won’t be the replacement for laboratory
tests. Advanced technology, time-consuming and low-cost equipment for the current
coronavirus is in need to bring the pandemic under control at possible earliest. This
biosensor is well defined, advanced, and can detect even very small amounts of
viruses present in the air and environment.
Acknowledgements Dr. GP would like to express my special heart whelming appreciation and
thanks to my co-author Dr. Karthik Kannan, this book chapter would not have been possible without
his constant support and encouragement.
Conflict of interest There is no conflict of interest for this chapter.
Funding information No funds are received from any institution.
References
1. World Health Organization (2020) Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019nCoV on 11 February
2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y et al (2020) Early transmission dynamics in
Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New Engl J Med. 382:1199–1207
3. World Health Organization (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic 2020. Assessed
28 April
4. Agranovski IE, Safatov AS, Borodulin AI, Pyankov OV, Petrishchenko VA, Sergeev AN,
Sergeev AA, Agranovski V, Grinshpun SA (2005) new personal sampler for viable airborne
viruses: a feasibility study. J Aerosol Sci 36:609–617
5. Page C, Goicochea L, Matthews K et al (2012) Induction of alternatively activated macrophages
enhances pathogenesis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. J Virol
86:13334–13349
6. Cunha CB, Opal SM (2014) The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a new zoonotic
viral pneumonia. Virulence 5:650–654
7. Bunce PE, High SM, Nadjafi (2011) Pandemic H1N1 influenza infection, and vascular
thrombosis. Clin Infect Dis 52:e14–e17
8. Peng J et al. (2020) Markedly enhanced absorption and direct radiative forcing of black carbon
under polluted urban environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:4266–4271 (2016). Seven
days in medicine. BMJ 8–14
9. Gralinski L, Menachery V (2020) Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses 12(2):135
10. Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KKW, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CCY, Poon RWS,
Tsoi HW, Lo SKF, Chan KH, Poon VKM, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VCC, Chen
H, Hui CKM, Yuen KY (2020) A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019
novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet
395(10223):514–523
11. Van Wissen M, Keller TT, van Gorp EC et al (2011) Acute respiratory tract infection leads to
procoagulant changes in human subjects. J Thromb Haemost 9:1432–1434
12. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X (2020) Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends
14:72–73
13. Kutter JS, Spronken MI, Fraaij PL, Fouchier RA, Herfst S (2018) Transmission routes of
respiratory viruses among humans. Curr Opin Virol 28:142–151
G. Palani et al.
surrounding/air in day to day life, but it won’t be the replacement for laboratory
tests. Advanced technology, time-consuming and low-cost equipment for the current
coronavirus is in need to bring the pandemic under control at possible earliest. This
biosensor is well defined, advanced, and can detect even very small amounts of
viruses present in the air and environment.
Acknowledgements Dr. GP would like to express my special heart whelming appreciation and
thanks to my co-author Dr. Karthik Kannan, this book chapter would not have been possible without
his constant support and encouragement.
Conflict of interest There is no conflict of interest for this chapter.
Funding information No funds are received from any institution.
References
1. World Health Organization (2020) Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019nCoV on 11 February
2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y et al (2020) Early transmission dynamics in
Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New Engl J Med. 382:1199–1207
3. World Health Organization (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic 2020. Assessed
28 April
4. Agranovski IE, Safatov AS, Borodulin AI, Pyankov OV, Petrishchenko VA, Sergeev AN,
Sergeev AA, Agranovski V, Grinshpun SA (2005) new personal sampler for viable airborne
viruses: a feasibility study. J Aerosol Sci 36:609–617
5. Page C, Goicochea L, Matthews K et al (2012) Induction of alternatively activated macrophages
enhances pathogenesis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. J Virol
86:13334–13349
6. Cunha CB, Opal SM (2014) The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a new zoonotic
viral pneumonia. Virulence 5:650–654
7. Bunce PE, High SM, Nadjafi (2011) Pandemic H1N1 influenza infection, and vascular
thrombosis. Clin Infect Dis 52:e14–e17
8. Peng J et al. (2020) Markedly enhanced absorption and direct radiative forcing of black carbon
under polluted urban environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:4266–4271 (2016). Seven
days in medicine. BMJ 8–14
9. Gralinski L, Menachery V (2020) Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses 12(2):135
10. Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KKW, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CCY, Poon RWS,
Tsoi HW, Lo SKF, Chan KH, Poon VKM, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VCC, Chen
H, Hui CKM, Yuen KY (2020) A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019
novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet
395(10223):514–523
11. Van Wissen M, Keller TT, van Gorp EC et al (2011) Acute respiratory tract infection leads to
procoagulant changes in human subjects. J Thromb Haemost 9:1432–1434
12. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X (2020) Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends
14:72–73
13. Kutter JS, Spronken MI, Fraaij PL, Fouchier RA, Herfst S (2018) Transmission routes of
respiratory viruses among humans. Curr Opin Virol 28:142–151