9 Sustainable Attainment of Solar E-waste …
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Table 9.2 PV module
components and their weight
percentages [25]
Name of the material Component in PV
module
Percentage by
weight (%)
Glass
Cover of PV
70.00
Aluminium
PV frame
18.00
Adhesive (polymer
based)
Encapsulation layer
5.10
Silicon metal
Solar cell
3.65
Polyvinyl fluoride
Back sheet layer
1.50
Copper and polymers Cables
1.00
Aluminium
Conductor
0.53
Copper
Conductor
0.11
Silver
0.053
Tin and lead
0.053
Total
100”
toxic materials may have adverse environmental consequences, as well as serious
health effects. Leaching lead has an immense environmental impact, such as habitat
destruction, reduced flora and fauna growth and regenerative levels, and a few other
health hazards, such as adverse reaction to kidney function, nervous, immune, reproductive and cardiovascular systems. Cadmium is a highly toxic carcinogen and has
high potential for human accumulation” [17] (Fig. 9.4).
340.9, 0%
124978, 16%
299, 0%
3860.3, 0%
76363.5, 10%
592123.6, 74%
Valuable Metal
Base
Harmful Metals
Critical Materials
Other Metals
Glass
Fig. 9.4 Classification of the mass share of material contained in PV module in t