162
R. S. Sharma et al.
efforts were not significant to control the damage done by us. After the strike of
COVID-19 pandemic emerged from China, many countries enforced lockdown as
a measure to control the unrolling of infection. Many climatic data collected across
the world signify the decreased level of exploitation of natural resources [47] which
is the outcome of lockdown; on one hand as less adverse effect on natural habitats
and on the other hand allows self-regeneration of the mother earth. Due to industrial
shutdowns and cancellation of flights and other transportation, as an effect inflicted
by coronavirus, the pollution level in air and water sources especially in urban areas
showed self-recovering mode due to less exploitation of fossil fuels and release of
industrial effluents [40]. Studies done in many countries such as USA, India, Italy,
Spain, China, Philippines, Brazil, Denmark, and few other countries have seen positive correlation between COVID-19 infection, environmental toxicity, and various
type of pollutions. Himalayan ranges are now visible due to sharp drop of air pollution
and settling down of air particulate matter. Brasseur and his colleague [7] revealed
that the mean surface O 3 concentration got elevated by the factor of 1.5–2 after
enforcement of lockdown. Various case studies revealed the reduced level of two
important environmental pollutants NO 2 and CO 2 across the world, as Nitrogen
dioxide emission is the chief air pollutants released from industries and automobile
operation. Reports from the European Space Agency (ESA) during February 2020
the level of NO 2 emission in cities and industrial areas especially Asia and Europe
is relatively decreasing than previous years, by as much as 40% and after lockdown
NO 2 pollution level fell by a massive percentage of 60%. The major contribution
of NO 2 emission on the environment is by China among the whole of Asia which
is about over 50% of total. But due to pandemic 40% of N0 2 emission is dropped
in China. In Wuhan and China, NO 2 emission is decreasing up to 22.8 µg/m
3 and
12.9 µg/m
3 , respectively. Due to decrease in combustion of petroleum and fossil fuel,
which is the chief cause of carbon dioxide emissions in cities and industrial areas
contributing to the dramatic change in environmental pollution level; the Mother
Nature experienced for first time a reduction in global emission from past twelve
years [28]. It happened due to the less transportation and industrial use of fossil fuel.
Last year at the same time, it was reported there is an occurrence of 100 m tons of
CO 2 emission which contributes 6% of global emissions. China, which gives major
contributions to Ecotoxicity by maximum carbon emissions, observed a dramatic
drop of 18% carbon dioxide emissions during the period of February and March,
2020. There was around 250 tons of reduction in carbon sources of China which is
equal to annual half output value of the entire UK. In America, the major reason
for CO 2 emission is because of vehicular traffic. However, the pandemic is helping
to reduce the carbon sources in Europe, which is a reduction of around 390 m. It
is magnificently reduced to 40%. China has been experiencing clean air due to the
reduction in use of crude oil and coal burning which in turn reduced the carbon
dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission. Additionally, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) is handled by European Union reported a decrease of PM2.5
from last February compared to the previous 3 years. According to this report a
significant drop of 20–30% in PM2.5 was observed in the various parts of China,
with respect to the monthly average of February 2020 (Lockdown period) and the
R. S. Sharma et al.
efforts were not significant to control the damage done by us. After the strike of
COVID-19 pandemic emerged from China, many countries enforced lockdown as
a measure to control the unrolling of infection. Many climatic data collected across
the world signify the decreased level of exploitation of natural resources [47] which
is the outcome of lockdown; on one hand as less adverse effect on natural habitats
and on the other hand allows self-regeneration of the mother earth. Due to industrial
shutdowns and cancellation of flights and other transportation, as an effect inflicted
by coronavirus, the pollution level in air and water sources especially in urban areas
showed self-recovering mode due to less exploitation of fossil fuels and release of
industrial effluents [40]. Studies done in many countries such as USA, India, Italy,
Spain, China, Philippines, Brazil, Denmark, and few other countries have seen positive correlation between COVID-19 infection, environmental toxicity, and various
type of pollutions. Himalayan ranges are now visible due to sharp drop of air pollution
and settling down of air particulate matter. Brasseur and his colleague [7] revealed
that the mean surface O 3 concentration got elevated by the factor of 1.5–2 after
enforcement of lockdown. Various case studies revealed the reduced level of two
important environmental pollutants NO 2 and CO 2 across the world, as Nitrogen
dioxide emission is the chief air pollutants released from industries and automobile
operation. Reports from the European Space Agency (ESA) during February 2020
the level of NO 2 emission in cities and industrial areas especially Asia and Europe
is relatively decreasing than previous years, by as much as 40% and after lockdown
NO 2 pollution level fell by a massive percentage of 60%. The major contribution
of NO 2 emission on the environment is by China among the whole of Asia which
is about over 50% of total. But due to pandemic 40% of N0 2 emission is dropped
in China. In Wuhan and China, NO 2 emission is decreasing up to 22.8 µg/m
3 and
12.9 µg/m
3 , respectively. Due to decrease in combustion of petroleum and fossil fuel,
which is the chief cause of carbon dioxide emissions in cities and industrial areas
contributing to the dramatic change in environmental pollution level; the Mother
Nature experienced for first time a reduction in global emission from past twelve
years [28]. It happened due to the less transportation and industrial use of fossil fuel.
Last year at the same time, it was reported there is an occurrence of 100 m tons of
CO 2 emission which contributes 6% of global emissions. China, which gives major
contributions to Ecotoxicity by maximum carbon emissions, observed a dramatic
drop of 18% carbon dioxide emissions during the period of February and March,
2020. There was around 250 tons of reduction in carbon sources of China which is
equal to annual half output value of the entire UK. In America, the major reason
for CO 2 emission is because of vehicular traffic. However, the pandemic is helping
to reduce the carbon sources in Europe, which is a reduction of around 390 m. It
is magnificently reduced to 40%. China has been experiencing clean air due to the
reduction in use of crude oil and coal burning which in turn reduced the carbon
dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission. Additionally, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) is handled by European Union reported a decrease of PM2.5
from last February compared to the previous 3 years. According to this report a
significant drop of 20–30% in PM2.5 was observed in the various parts of China,
with respect to the monthly average of February 2020 (Lockdown period) and the