7. Swelling may take 24–48 h depending on matrix; the swelling
step can be speeded up by heating in a boiling water bath for
30–60 min.
8. Do not agitate the matrix using magnetic stirrers or glass rods,
since the gel beads will be pulverized.
9. Pour all gel in a single operation, and make sure that air bubbles
do not become trapped into the matrix.
References
1. Glazer AN, Apell GS (1977) A common evolutionary origin for the biliproteins of cyanobacteria rhodophyta and cryptophyta. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 1:113–116
2. Eriksen NT (2008) Production of phycocyanin—a pigment with applications in biology,
biotechnology, foods and medicine. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1–14
3. Dasgupta CN (2015) Algae as a source of phycocyanin and other industrially important pigments. In: Das D (ed) Algal biorefinery: an
integrated approach. Springer, Cham
4. Kuddus M, Singh P, Thomas G, Al-Hazimi A
(2013) Recent developments in production
and
biotechnological
applications
of
C-phycocyanin. Biomed Res Int 2013:742859
5. Ferna ´ndez-Rojas B, Herna ´ndez-Jua ´rez J,
Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014) Nutraceutical properties of phycocyanin. J Funct Foods
11:375–392
6. Yu P, Wu Y, Wang G, Jia T, Zhang Y (2017)
Purification and bioactivities of phycocyanin.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57:3840–3849
7. Manirafasha E, Ndikubwimana T, Zeng X,
Lu Y, Jing K (2016) Phycobiliprotein: potential microalgae derived pharmaceutical and
biological
reagent.
Biochem
Eng
J
109:282–296
8. Chamorro-Cevallos G et al (2016) Methods
for extraction, isolation and purification of
C-phycocyanin: 50 years of research in review.
Int J Food Nutr Sci 3:1–10
9. Horva ´th H, Kova ´cs AW, Riddick C, Pre ´sing M
(2013) Extraction methods for phycocyanin
determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake.
Eur J Phycol 48:278–286
10. Gupta A, Sainis JK (2010) Isolation of
C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus sp., (Anacystis nidulans BD1). J Appl Phycol
22:231–233
11. Kumar D, Dhar DW, Pabbi S, Kumar N,
Walia S (2014) Extraction and purification of
C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis
(CCC540). Indian J Plant Physiol 19:184–188
12. Singh NK, Parmar A, Madamwar D (2009)
Optimization of medium components for
increased production of C-phycocyanin from
Phormidium ceylanicum and its purification by
single step process. Bioresour Technol
100:1663–1669
13. Moraes CC, Sala L, Cerveira GP, Kalil SJ
(2011) C-phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis wet biomass. Braz J Chem Eng
28:45–49
14. Jian-Feng N, Guang-Ce W, Lin XZ, Zhou BC
(2007) Large-scale recovery of C-phycocyanin
from Spirulina platensis using expanded bed
adsorption chromatography. J Chromatogr B
850:267–276
15. Bennett A, Bogorad L (1973) Complementary
chromatic adaptation in a filamentous bluegreen alga. J Cell Biol 58:419–435
16. Sørensen L, Hantke A, Eriksen NT (2013)
Purification of the photosynthetic pigment
C-phycocyanin from heterotrophic Galdieria
sulphuraria. J Sci Food Agric 93:2933–2938
17. Khazi MI, Demirel Z, Dalay MC (2018) Evaluation of growth and phycobiliprotein composition of cyanobacteria isolates cultivated in
different nitrogen sources. J Appl Phycol
30:1513–1523
Phycocyanin Purification
179
step can be speeded up by heating in a boiling water bath for
30–60 min.
8. Do not agitate the matrix using magnetic stirrers or glass rods,
since the gel beads will be pulverized.
9. Pour all gel in a single operation, and make sure that air bubbles
do not become trapped into the matrix.
References
1. Glazer AN, Apell GS (1977) A common evolutionary origin for the biliproteins of cyanobacteria rhodophyta and cryptophyta. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 1:113–116
2. Eriksen NT (2008) Production of phycocyanin—a pigment with applications in biology,
biotechnology, foods and medicine. Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1–14
3. Dasgupta CN (2015) Algae as a source of phycocyanin and other industrially important pigments. In: Das D (ed) Algal biorefinery: an
integrated approach. Springer, Cham
4. Kuddus M, Singh P, Thomas G, Al-Hazimi A
(2013) Recent developments in production
and
biotechnological
applications
of
C-phycocyanin. Biomed Res Int 2013:742859
5. Ferna ´ndez-Rojas B, Herna ´ndez-Jua ´rez J,
Pedraza-Chaverri J (2014) Nutraceutical properties of phycocyanin. J Funct Foods
11:375–392
6. Yu P, Wu Y, Wang G, Jia T, Zhang Y (2017)
Purification and bioactivities of phycocyanin.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57:3840–3849
7. Manirafasha E, Ndikubwimana T, Zeng X,
Lu Y, Jing K (2016) Phycobiliprotein: potential microalgae derived pharmaceutical and
biological
reagent.
Biochem
Eng
J
109:282–296
8. Chamorro-Cevallos G et al (2016) Methods
for extraction, isolation and purification of
C-phycocyanin: 50 years of research in review.
Int J Food Nutr Sci 3:1–10
9. Horva ´th H, Kova ´cs AW, Riddick C, Pre ´sing M
(2013) Extraction methods for phycocyanin
determination in freshwater filamentous cyanobacteria and their application in a shallow lake.
Eur J Phycol 48:278–286
10. Gupta A, Sainis JK (2010) Isolation of
C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus sp., (Anacystis nidulans BD1). J Appl Phycol
22:231–233
11. Kumar D, Dhar DW, Pabbi S, Kumar N,
Walia S (2014) Extraction and purification of
C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis
(CCC540). Indian J Plant Physiol 19:184–188
12. Singh NK, Parmar A, Madamwar D (2009)
Optimization of medium components for
increased production of C-phycocyanin from
Phormidium ceylanicum and its purification by
single step process. Bioresour Technol
100:1663–1669
13. Moraes CC, Sala L, Cerveira GP, Kalil SJ
(2011) C-phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis wet biomass. Braz J Chem Eng
28:45–49
14. Jian-Feng N, Guang-Ce W, Lin XZ, Zhou BC
(2007) Large-scale recovery of C-phycocyanin
from Spirulina platensis using expanded bed
adsorption chromatography. J Chromatogr B
850:267–276
15. Bennett A, Bogorad L (1973) Complementary
chromatic adaptation in a filamentous bluegreen alga. J Cell Biol 58:419–435
16. Sørensen L, Hantke A, Eriksen NT (2013)
Purification of the photosynthetic pigment
C-phycocyanin from heterotrophic Galdieria
sulphuraria. J Sci Food Agric 93:2933–2938
17. Khazi MI, Demirel Z, Dalay MC (2018) Evaluation of growth and phycobiliprotein composition of cyanobacteria isolates cultivated in
different nitrogen sources. J Appl Phycol
30:1513–1523
Phycocyanin Purification
179